AS/NZS 1554.1:2011
Structural steel welding - Part 1: Welding of steel structures
Provides rules for the welding of a wide range of steel constructions and while it is expected that its main use will be for statically loaded welds, it applies also to some welds subject to fatigue. Although this Standard has been specifically prepared for steel structures, it may be usefully applied to machine frames and other types of steel constructions.
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AS/NZS 1554.1:2011 STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDING - WELDING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXCLUSIONS
1.3 INNOVATION
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.5 DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS
1.5.1 Definitions
1.5.2 Symbols
1.6 WELD CATEGORIES
1.7 MANAGEMENT OF QUALITY
1.7.1 Quality management
1.7.2 Basic welding requirements
1.8 SAFETY
1.8.1 Safety equipment and procedures
1.8.2 Welding equipment
1.8.3 Other hazards
SECTION 2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
2.1 PARENT MATERIAL
2.2 BACKING MATERIAL
2.3 WELDING CONSUMABLES
2.3.1 Electrodes and filler wires
2.3.2 Care of electrodes and filler wires
2.3.3 Flux
2.3.4 Shielding gas
SECTION 3 DETAILS OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Permissible weld types
3.1.2 Design stresses
3.1.3 Drawings
3.2 BUTT WELDS
3.2.1 Size of weld
3.2.2 Design throat thickness
3.2.3 Effective length
3.2.4 Effective area
3.2.5 Transition of thickness or width
3.3 FILLET WELDS
3.3.1 Size of weld
3.3.2 Design throat thickness
3.3.3 Effective length
3.3.4 Effective area
3.3.5 Minimum size of fillet welds
3.3.6 Maximum size of fillet welds along edges
3.4 COMPOUND WELDS
3.4.1 Description
3.4.2 Design throat thickness (DTT)
3.5 SEAL WELDS
3.6 PLUG WELDS
3.7 SLOT WELDS
3.8 COMBINING STEEL SECTIONS
SECTION 4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL
4.1 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Butt welds
4.1.3 Fillet welds
4.1.4 Qualification of multiple welding positions
4.2 METHODS FOR QUALIFYING A WELDING PROCEDURE
4.3 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
4.4 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
4.5 PREQUALIFIED JOINT PREPARATIONS
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Prequalified complete penetration butt welds
4.5.3 Prequalified incomplete penetration butt welds
4.5.4 Prequalified fillet welds
4.5.5 Additional requirements for welds in hollow section members
4.6 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING CONSUMABLES
4.6.1 Prequalified welding consumables
4.6.2 Qualification of welding consumables by testing
4.7 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE BY TESTING
4.7.1 Method of qualification
4.7.2 Preparation of special test piece
4.7.3 Dimensions of test pieces
4.7.4 Macro test
4.7.5 Transverse butt tensile test
4.7.6 Bend test
4.7.7 Charpy impact test
4.7.8 Hardness comparison test for parent metal and weld metal
4.7.9 Hardness test for weld-heat-affected zones
4.7.10 Retests
4.8 EXTENSION OF QUALIFICATION
4.9 COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
4.10 RECORDS OF TESTS
4.11 REQUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES
4.12 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PERSONNEL
4.12.1 Welding supervisor
4.12.2 Welders
SECTION 5 WORKMANSHIP
5.1 PREPARATION OF EDGES FOR WELDING
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Thermal cutting
5.2 ASSEMBLY
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Alignment of butt-welded joints
5.2.3 Alignment of fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds
5.2.4 Separation of a backing material
5.3 PREHEATING AND INTER-RUN CONTROL
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Need for preheating
5.3.3 Extent of preheating and cooling after welding
5.3.4 Determination of preheating temperature
5.3.5 Inter-run temperature determination
5.4 WELDING UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
5.5 TACK WELDS
5.6 WELD DEPTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO
5.7 CONTROL OF DISTORTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Stressed parts
5.7.3 Peening
5.7.4 Correction of distortion
5.8 BACKGOUGING AND REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN WELDS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Removal of weld metal
5.8.3 Grinding
5.8.4 Stop starts
5.9 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENTS
5.10 ARC STRIKES
5.11 CLEANING OF FINISHED WELDS
5.12 DRESSING OF BUTT WELDS
SECTION 6 QUALITY OF WELDS
6.1 CATEGORIES OF WELDS
6.2 METHODS OF INSPECTION AND PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF IMPERFECTIONS
6.2.1 Methods of inspection of completed welds
6.2.2 Permissible levels of imperfection
6.2.3 Adjacent imperfections
6.2.4 Interpretation of tests
6.3 RADIOGRAPHY
6.3.1 Method
6.3.2 IQI sensitivity
6.3.3 Acceptance limits
6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
6.4.1 Method
6.4.2 Evaluation
6.4.3 Acceptance limits
6.5 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
6.6 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
6.7 WELD DEFECTS
6.8 REPORTING
SECTION 7 INSPECTION
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTORS
7.3 VISUAL INSPECTION OF WORK
7.4 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OTHER THAN VISUAL
APPENDIX A - NORMATIVE REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - BRITTLE FRACTURE
B1 METHODS
B2 NOTCH-DUCTILE RANGE METHOD
B3 DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE
B3.1 General
B3.2 Basic design temperature
B3.3 Modifications to the basic design temperature
B4 MATERIAL SELECTION
B4.1 Selection of steel type
B4.2 Limitations
B4.3 Modification for certain applications
B5 FRACTURE ASSESSMENT
APPENDIX C - TYPICAL FORMS FOR WELDING PROCEDURES
APPENDIX D - MATTERS FOR RESOLUTION
APPENDIX E - WELDED JOINT AND PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
E1 NOTATION FOR JOINT IDENTIFICATION
E2 NOTATION FOR DIMENSIONS, POSITIONS AND BACKING MATERIAL
E3 NOTATION FOR PROCESSES
E4 EXAMPLE
APPENDIX F - WELD PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES TO THE WELDING CONSUMABLE CLASSIFCATION SYSTEM
F1 GENERAL
F2 SYSTEM CHANGES
F2.1 Strength
F2.2 Impact resistance
F2.3 Flux designations (MMAW)
F2.4 Usability designations (FCAW)
F2.5 Positional designations
F2.6 Weld metal hydrogen
F3 EXTENSION OF WELD PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
F4 OTHER PROCESSES
APPENDIX G - TYPICAL MATERIAL GROUPS FOR COMMON STEELS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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AS/NZS 1554.1:2011 STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDING - WELDING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXCLUSIONS
1.3 INNOVATION
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.5 DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS
1.5.1 Definitions
1.5.2 Symbols
1.6 WELD CATEGORIES
1.7 MANAGEMENT OF QUALITY
1.7.1 Quality management
1.7.2 Basic welding requirements
1.8 SAFETY
1.8.1 Safety equipment and procedures
1.8.2 Welding equipment
1.8.3 Other hazards
SECTION 2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
2.1 PARENT MATERIAL
2.2 BACKING MATERIAL
2.3 WELDING CONSUMABLES
2.3.1 Electrodes and filler wires
2.3.2 Care of electrodes and filler wires
2.3.3 Flux
2.3.4 Shielding gas
SECTION 3 DETAILS OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Permissible weld types
3.1.2 Design stresses
3.1.3 Drawings
3.2 BUTT WELDS
3.2.1 Size of weld
3.2.2 Design throat thickness
3.2.3 Effective length
3.2.4 Effective area
3.2.5 Transition of thickness or width
3.3 FILLET WELDS
3.3.1 Size of weld
3.3.2 Design throat thickness
3.3.3 Effective length
3.3.4 Effective area
3.3.5 Minimum size of fillet welds
3.3.6 Maximum size of fillet welds along edges
3.4 COMPOUND WELDS
3.4.1 Description
3.4.2 Design throat thickness (DTT)
3.5 SEAL WELDS
3.6 PLUG WELDS
3.7 SLOT WELDS
3.8 COMBINING STEEL SECTIONS
SECTION 4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL
4.1 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Butt welds
4.1.3 Fillet welds
4.1.4 Qualification of multiple welding positions
4.2 METHODS FOR QUALIFYING A WELDING PROCEDURE
4.3 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
4.4 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
4.5 PREQUALIFIED JOINT PREPARATIONS
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Prequalified complete penetration butt welds
4.5.3 Prequalified incomplete penetration butt welds
4.5.4 Prequalified fillet welds
4.5.5 Additional requirements for welds in hollow section members
4.6 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING CONSUMABLES
4.6.1 Prequalified welding consumables
4.6.2 Qualification of welding consumables by testing
4.7 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE BY TESTING
4.7.1 Method of qualification
4.7.2 Preparation of special test piece
4.7.3 Dimensions of test pieces
4.7.4 Macro test
4.7.5 Transverse butt tensile test
4.7.6 Bend test
4.7.7 Charpy impact test
4.7.8 Hardness comparison test for parent metal and weld metal
4.7.9 Hardness test for weld-heat-affected zones
4.7.10 Retests
4.8 EXTENSION OF QUALIFICATION
4.9 COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
4.10 RECORDS OF TESTS
4.11 REQUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES
4.12 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PERSONNEL
4.12.1 Welding supervisor
4.12.2 Welders
SECTION 5 WORKMANSHIP
5.1 PREPARATION OF EDGES FOR WELDING
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Thermal cutting
5.2 ASSEMBLY
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Alignment of butt-welded joints
5.2.3 Alignment of fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds
5.2.4 Separation of a backing material
5.3 PREHEATING AND INTER-RUN CONTROL
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Need for preheating
5.3.3 Extent of preheating and cooling after welding
5.3.4 Determination of preheating temperature
5.3.5 Inter-run temperature determination
5.4 WELDING UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
5.5 TACK WELDS
5.6 WELD DEPTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO
5.7 CONTROL OF DISTORTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Stressed parts
5.7.3 Peening
5.7.4 Correction of distortion
5.8 BACKGOUGING AND REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN WELDS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Removal of weld metal
5.8.3 Grinding
5.8.4 Stop starts
5.9 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENTS
5.10 ARC STRIKES
5.11 CLEANING OF FINISHED WELDS
5.12 DRESSING OF BUTT WELDS
SECTION 6 QUALITY OF WELDS
6.1 CATEGORIES OF WELDS
6.2 METHODS OF INSPECTION AND PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF IMPERFECTIONS
6.2.1 Methods of inspection of completed welds
6.2.2 Permissible levels of imperfection
6.2.3 Adjacent imperfections
6.2.4 Interpretation of tests
6.3 RADIOGRAPHY
6.3.1 Method
6.3.2 IQI sensitivity
6.3.3 Acceptance limits
6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
6.4.1 Method
6.4.2 Evaluation
6.4.3 Acceptance limits
6.5 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
6.6 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
6.7 WELD DEFECTS
6.8 REPORTING
SECTION 7 INSPECTION
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTORS
7.3 VISUAL INSPECTION OF WORK
7.4 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OTHER THAN VISUAL
APPENDIX A - NORMATIVE REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - BRITTLE FRACTURE
B1 METHODS
B2 NOTCH-DUCTILE RANGE METHOD
B3 DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE
B3.1 General
B3.2 Basic design temperature
B3.3 Modifications to the basic design temperature
B4 MATERIAL SELECTION
B4.1 Selection of steel type
B4.2 Limitations
B4.3 Modification for certain applications
B5 FRACTURE ASSESSMENT
APPENDIX C - TYPICAL FORMS FOR WELDING PROCEDURES
APPENDIX D - MATTERS FOR RESOLUTION
APPENDIX E - WELDED JOINT AND PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
E1 NOTATION FOR JOINT IDENTIFICATION
E2 NOTATION FOR DIMENSIONS, POSITIONS AND BACKING MATERIAL
E3 NOTATION FOR PROCESSES
E4 EXAMPLE
APPENDIX F - WELD PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES TO THE WELDING CONSUMABLE CLASSIFCATION SYSTEM
F1 GENERAL
F2 SYSTEM CHANGES
F2.1 Strength
F2.2 Impact resistance
F2.3 Flux designations (MMAW)
F2.4 Usability designations (FCAW)
F2.5 Positional designations
F2.6 Weld metal hydrogen
F3 EXTENSION OF WELD PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
F4 OTHER PROCESSES
APPENDIX G - TYPICAL MATERIAL GROUPS FOR COMMON STEELS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Previous versions
AS/NZS 1554.1:2011
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.