NZS 4541:2013
Automatic fire sprinkler systems
Provides an integrated set of rules for the design, installation, and maintenance of sprinkler systems so that systems reliably protect against the loss of life and minimise property damage from fire. This revised edition of NZS 4541 supersedes NZS 4541:2007.
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NZS 4541 2013 Automatic fire sprinkler systems Cover
Contents
Committee representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Foreword
Outcome statement
Part 1 – Scope and general information
101 Scope
102 Interpretation
103 Definitions and abbreviations
104 Inspection, testing, and maintenance
105 Seismic resistance
106 Workmanship
107 Typical arrangements
108 Welding
109 Hydrostatic tests
110 Roles and responsibilities of SSC
111 Formal interpretations
112 Sprinkler system certificate of compliance methodology
113 Listing of contractors
114 Listing of equipment
115 Withdrawal of listing
116 Existing installations
117 Alternative design criteria
Part 2 – Basic rules of design
201 Installer to be listed
202 Minimum required discharge and design flow
203 Determination of fire hazard
204 Extent of sprinkler protection
205 Fire loads adjoining, linked, or adjacent to the sprinkler-protected building or sprinkler-protected firecell
206 External fire loads adjacent to the sprinkler-protected building or sprinkler-protected firecell
207 Requirements for external sprinklers and internal drenchers
208 Permitted exceptions from sprinklering
209 Provision of hand-operated firefighting appliances
210 Provision of block pan
211 Provision of water supply reference information
212 Multi-storeyed buildings
213 Buildings constructed with expanded plastic cored insulated panels
Parrt 3 – Types of installations
301 General
302 Conventional sprinkler installations
303 Deluge installations
304 Water mist installations
305 Methods to determine water delivery for gas filled sprinklerinstallations
Part 4 – System components
401 General
402 Sprinklers
403 Pipework
404 Valves
405 Enhanced safety valve set
406 Pressure gauges
407 Alarm devices
408 Storage height limitation indicators
409 Aerosol warning signs
410 Fire doors
411 Labelling
Part 5 – Location of sprinklers
501 General
502 Walls and partitions
503 Ceilings and roofs
504 Staggered spacing
505 Position of sprinklers
506 Vertical obstructions to sprinkler discharge
507 Columns
508 Open roof trusses
509 Clear space below sprinklers
510 Spacing and location of sidewall sprinklers
511 Locations or conditions requiring special consideration.
512 Obstructions below sprinklers
513 Film and television production studios
514 Theatres and music halls
515 Cupboards and wardrobes
516 Skylight shafts
517 External sprinklers
518 Extended coverage ordinary hazard and extended coverage light hazard sprinklers – Special requirements
Part 6 – Water supply
601 General
602 Classes of water supply
603 Flow and pressure requirements
604 Town’s mains, boosted town’s mains, supplemented town’s mains
605 Pumped supplies – Water sources
606 Water storage
607 Pumped supplies – Pump units
608 Elevated tanks
609 Pressure tanks
610 Fire sprinkler inlets
611 Proving of water supplies
612 Private site fire mains
Part 7 – Extra light hazard system design data
701 Water supplies
702 Sprinkler type and spacing
703 Pipework
704 Storage areas and drying rooms
Part 8 – Ordinary hazard system design data
801 Design criteria, pipe sizing, and water supplies
802 Sprinkler type and spacing
Part 9 – Extra high hazard system design data
901 Scope
902 Extra high hazard class terminology
903 General system design requirements
904 General hydraulic design requirements
905 Categorised commodities design requirements
906 Rubber tyre storage
907 Roll paper, waste paper, baled fibres storage
908 Hanging garments storage
909 Carpet storage
910 Aerosols storage
911 Distilled spirits storage
Part 10 – Fully hydraulically calculated design
1001 General
1002 Design requirements
1003 Determination of area of operation
1004 Determination of design flow and pressure
1005 Method of calculation
1006 Documentation
Part 11 – Precautions to be taken when an installation is rendered inoperative
1101 General
1102 Notification
1103 Authorisation
1104 Hot work
1105 Sectional valves
1106 Blanking pieces
1107 Water supplies
Part 12 – Routine testing, maintenance, and inspections
1201 General
1202 Routine tests and maintenance
1203 Routine inspections
1204 Twelve-yearly inspections
1205 Testing of sprinklers
1206 Water supply strainers
1207 Testing of antifreeze solutions
Appendices
Appendix A – Testing of dry pipe and pre-action systems – Example form
Appendix B – Alternative method of protection of certain small community buildings for which a sprinkler system is not a legal requirement
Appendix C – Evaluation of contractors by a sprinkler system certifier (SSC)
Appendix D – Certificate of listing of contractor
Appendix E – Sprinkler system
Appendix F – Guidelines for evaluation of equipment for listing by a sprinkler system certifier (SSC)
Appendix G – Retrospective upgrades
Appendix H – Sprinkler system storage declaration
Appendix J – Material classifications
Appendix K – Sprinkler protection design requirements for buildings constructed with foamed plastic cored insulated panels
Appendix L – Recommendations for frost protection measures for fire sprinkler systems
Appendix M – Water mist fire protection
Appendix N – Contractor’s material and flushing test certificate for underground piping
Appendix O – Orifice plates
Appendix P – Aerosol warning signs
Appendix Q – Z values and shortest major fault distances D for New Zealand
Appendix R – Testing of territorial authority water mains
Appendix S – Embankment supported membrane pillow tanks
Appendix T – Information to be provided when ordering a pump unit (see 607.1.3)
Appendix U – Aerosols – Supplementary design considerations
Appendix V – Maintenance provisions for non-standard sprinkler systems
Appendix W – Guidance on the testing of sprinklers
Appendix X – Frost protection – Electrical requirements
Tables
Table 2.1 – Representative schedule of occupancies
Table 2.2(a) – Limits on storage of conventional commodities in ordinary hazard 3 occupancies
Table 2.2(b) – Limits on incidental storage in ordinary hazard 1 and 2 occupancies
Table 2.2(c) – Limits on incidental storage of special commodities in ordinary hazard group 3 occupancies
Table 2.3 – Comparison of classification of flammable liquids designations as specified in NFPA 30 and Hazardous Substances (Classification) Regulations
Table 2.4 – Classification of external fire loads
Table 2.5 – Minimum separation distances
Table 2.6 – Block plan sprinkler information
Table 2.7 – Typical reference pressure schedule
Table 2.8 – Design data for protection of expanded plastic cored panels
Table 3.1 – Properties of antifreeze solutions
Table 3.2 – Gas filled water delivery calculation design requirements
Table 4.1 – Acceptable types of sprinklers
Table 4.2 – Pipe and jointing options for underground pipework
Table 4.3 – Pipe and jointing options for above-ground pipework
Table 4.4 – Suitable supports
Table 4.5 – Weight calculations
Table 4.6 – Allowable horizontal loads of typical pipework braces
Table 4.7 – Horizontal load capacity of typical connections
Table 5.1 – Spacing arrangements – Standard and staggered for spray sprinklers
Table 5.2 – Sprinkler distances from obstructions
Table 5.3 – Maximum distance of residential sprinklers above bottom of ceiling obstruction (where not specified by manufacturer)
Table 5.4 – Obstructions to standard sidewall sprinkler discharge
Table 5.5 – Extended coverage and extra light hazard spray sprinkler distances from suspended or floor mounted obstructions
Table 5.6 – Protection required for sprinklers provided below perforated ceilings and decks
Table 5.7 – External sprinkler spacing and location
Table 5.8 – ECOH and ECLH sprinkler distances from ceiling mounted obstructions
Table 6.1 – Duration of water supplies for EHH occupancies
Table 6.2 – Duration of water supplies for process occupancies and special commodities
Table 6.3 – Nominal fuel duration
Table 6.4 – Number of inlets
Table 7.1 – Minimum pipe sizes for precalculated extra light hazard sprinkler arrays
Table 8.1 – Design criteria for categories 1 to 4: ordinary hazard storage height up to and including 3.7 m
Table 8.2 – Design criteria for categories 5 and 6: ordinary hazard storage height up to and including 3.7 m
Table 9.1 – Design density and design area for process occupancies
Table 9.2 – Maximum area coverage per roof/ceiling sprinkler
Table 9.3 – Storage sprinklers under sloped ceilings
Table 9.4 – Spacing of ceiling level storage sprinklers
Table 9.5 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrella patterns of storage sprinklers (not extended coverage)
Table 9.6 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrella patterns of extended coverage storage sprinklers
Table 9.7 – Installation guidelines to avoid obstructions to inner core distribution pattern of storage sprinklers
Table 9.8 – Hydraulic design for in-rack sprinkler systems
Table 9.9 – Hydraulic design for ceiling-level sprinkler systems supplemented with in-rack sprinklers
Table 9.10 – Summary of ceiling-level protection tables
Table 9.11(a) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 1, 2, and 3 commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(b) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 4 and category 5 cartoned unexpanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(c) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for cartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(d) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 5 unexpanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(e) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(f) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 1, 2, and 3 commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(g) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 4 and cartoned category 5 unexpanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(h) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for cartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(i) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 5 unexpanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(j) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.12(a) – On-side storage in permanent tyre racks or partially loaded portable tyre racks, without solid shelves
Table 9.12(b) – On-tread storage in permanent tyre racks or portable tyre racks, without solid shelves
Table 9.12(c) – On floor or on-side storage in fully loaded portable tyre racks
Table 9.13 – Control mode specific application criteria for on-side and on-tread rubber tyres
Table 9.14 – Suppression mode sprinklers for rubber tyre storage
Table 9.15 – Control mode specific application sprinklers for lightweight roll paper storage
Table 9.16(a) – Control mode specific application criteria for medium weight paper (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.16(b) – Protection of mediumweight paper with suppression mode sprinklers (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.17(a) – Control mode specific application criteria for heavyweight paper (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.17(b) – Protection of heavyweight roll paper with suppression mode sprinklers (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.18 – Solid pile storage of waste paper and baled fibres (natural and synthetic)
Table 9.19 – Protection for hanging garment storage on stationary pipe racks (see 908.3 for alternative option for storage up to 4.6 m in height)
Table 9.20 – Rack and tube storage of carpets
Table 9.21 – Roof/ceiling hydraulic design requirements
Table 9.22(a) – Palletised barrel storage up to six barrels high
Table 9.22(b) – Case goods storage – Palletised or solid pile
Table 9.22(c) – Single row or double row rack storage of barrels
Table 9.22(d) – Multiple row rack storage of barrels
Table 10.1 – Values of R for steel and chlorinated PVC pipes
Table 12.1 – Routine tests and maintenance frequency tolerances
Table C1 – Scope of listing
Table H1 – Representative list of material categories
Table J1 – Commodity and category examples – Alphabetical listing
Table J2 – Commodity and category examples – Listed by category
Table O1 – Pipes of 50 mm and 65 mm diameter and 500 L/min flow
Table O2 – Pipes of 80 mm to 200 mm diameter and 5000 L/min flow
Table Q1 – Z values and shortest major fault distances D for New Zealand locations (north to south)
Table U1 – Aerosol classification
Table U2 – Chemical heat of combustion for various materials
Table U3 – Chemical heat of combustion data
Figure
Figure 1.1 – Definition of range and distribution pipes
Figure 1.2 – Typical end-centre arrangement
Figure 1.3 – Typical end-side arrangement
Figure 1.4 – Typical fire sprinkler system
Figure 2.1(a) – Link to unprotected building with eave height 600 mm or greater
Figure 2.1(b) – Link to unprotected building with eave height less than 600 mm
Figure 2.2 – Typical external sprinklers
Figure 2.3 – Permitted exceptions from sprinklering of concealed spaces
Figure 2.4 – Display of water supply reference information
Figure 3.1 – Typical subsidiary floor valve arrangement – Enhanced safety valveset serving floor area greater than 11 000 m2
Figure 3.2 – Typical tail-end antifreeze installation valves
Figure 4.1 – Seismic flexible joint
Figure 4.2 – Location of pipework bracing
Figure 4.3 – Examples of load distribution to pipework bracing
Figure 4.4 – Pipework bracing details
Figure 4.5 – Configuration of air supply for dry pipe systems in refrigerated areas
Figure 4.6 – Enhanced safety valve set arrangement
Figure 4.7 – Wet pipe control valve showing an acceptable arrangement for type ‘X’ signalling complying with 407.2.2.1
Figure 4.8 – Wet pipe control valve showing an acceptable arrangement for type ‘Y’ signalling complying with 407.2.2.2
Figure 4.9 – Typical dry pipe control valve arrangement
Figure 4.10(a) – Arrangement for single sprinkler system
Figure 4.10(b) – Arrangement for multiple sprinkler systems
Figure 4.11 – Storage height limitation sign
Figure 5.1 – Example of application of 502.4
Figure 5.2 – Positioning of sprinkler heads
Figure 5.3 – Spacing arrangements – Standard and staggered
Figure 5.4 – Sprinkler distances from obstructions
Figure 5.5 – Position of residential sprinkler deflector when located above the bottomof a ceiling obstruction
Figure 5.6 – Installation of horizontal sidewall sprinklers using soffits
Figure 5.7 – Sprinkler positions for machines in tiers
Figure 5.8 – Location of sprinklers in extraction ducts
Figure 5.9 – Position of sprinkler head to avoid suspended or floor mounted obstruction tosprinkler discharge (extended coverage or extra light hazard spray sprinklers)
Figure 5.10 – Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous, solid obstructions between0.8 m and 3.0 m wide
Figure 5.11 – Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions between 0.8 m and 3.0 m wide with flat, continuous, solid barrier provided
Figure 5.12 – Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions between 1.2 m and 3.0 m wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided
Figure 5.13 – Position of sprinkler head to avoid obstruction to sprinkler discharge (extendedcoverage upright and pendent spray sprinklers)
Figure 5.14 – Minimum distance from obstruction (extended coverage upright and pendentspray sprinklers)
Figure 6.1 – Water supply classes – Typical diagrammatic layouts
Figure 6.2 – Diagrammatic key to water supply requirements
Figure 6.3 – Pressure sustaining valve
Figure 6.4 – Permissible supply to hydrants from town’s main sprinkler connections –diagrammatic layout (class C1 supply)
Figure 6.5 – Illustrative example of hydrant allowance
Figure 6.6 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main without pressure relief line
Figure 6.7 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main with pressure relief line
Figure 6.8 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main with pressure reducing valvesystem
Figure 6.8 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main with pressure reducing valvesystem
Figure 6.9 – Typical arrangement for supplemented town’s man (using in-fill tank)
Figure 6.10 – Typical arrangement for pump and tank supply
Figure 6.10 – Typical arrangement for pump and tank supply
Figure 6.11 – Pump suction waterway fittings
Figure 6.12 – Diesel engine water cooling unit
Figure 6.13 – Diesel engine controller logic unit
Figure 6.14 – FSI standard requirements
Figure 6.15 – Details of box lock
Figure 6.16 – Fire service inlet arrangement for multiple valve sets
Figure 9.1 – Bundled tyres (with horizontal flue spaces)
Figure 9.2(a) – Double row racks – Without solid or slatted shelves
Figure 9.2(b) – Double row racks – With solid shelves
Figure 9.2(c) – Double row racks – With slatted shelves
Figure 9.3 – Typical double row (back-to-back) rack arrangement
Figure 9.4 – Fully loaded (tyre storage)
Figure 9.5 – Typical green tyre storage (storage two carts high or 4.9 m high)
Figure 9.6 – Typical storage arrangements in locations other than warehouses
Figure 9.7(a) – Multiple row rack– Flow-through racks
Figure 9.7(b) – Multiple row rack– Double deep rack, serviced by reach (forklifts) truck
Figure 9.8(a) – On-floor storage – On-tread storage
Figure 9.8(b) – On-floor storage – Pyramid tyre storage, on-side
Figure 9.9 – Double row rack storage with on-side palletised storage
Figure 9.10(a) – Typical storage arrangement– Using pallet-based portable rack (fully loaded)
Figure 9.10(b) – Typical storage arrangement – On tread
Figure 9.11 – Rack frequently used for on-tread storage
Figure 9.12 – Typical pallets
Figure 9.13 – Portable racks
Figure 9.14(a) – Rack storage – Automatic storage type rack
Figure 9.14(b) – Rack storage – Flow-through pallet rack
Figure 9.14(c) – Rack storage – Drive-in rack, two or more pallets deep –Forklift truck drives into rack to deposit or withdraw loads in the depth of the rack
Figure 9.14(d) – Rack storage – Cantilever rack
Figure 9.15 – Portable rack using wood pallet base and steel frame
Figure 9.16 – Examples of adjacent areas with differing design criteria
Figure 9.17 – Maximum increase in linear and area spacing to avoid obstructing sprinklerdischarge
Figure 9.18 – Quick response sprinklers installed under automatic smoke and heat vents
Figure 9.19 – Quick response sprinklers installed under ceiling-level exhaust devices
Figure 9.20 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrellapatterns of storage sprinklers (not extended coverage)
Figure 9.21 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrellapatterns of extended coverage storage sprinklers
Figure 9.22 – Obstruction to inner core discharge pattern of ceiling-level storage sprinklers
Figure 9.23 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects up to 20 mm wide
Figure 9.24 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 20 mm and up to 32 mm wide
Figure 9.25 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 32 mm and up to 50 mm wide
Figure 9.26 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 50 mm and up to 300 mm wide
Figure 9.27 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 300 mm and up to 600 mm wide
Figure 9.28 – Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous solid obstructions fromover 0.6 m wide to 3.0 wide
Figure 9.29 – Additional sprinkler installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions more than 0.6 m wide up to 3.0 m wide
Figure 9.30 – Additional sprinkler installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions over 0.6 m and up to 3.0 m wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided
Figure 9.31 – Additional sprinklers installed within storage racks to account for obstructionsto the inner core distribution pattern of a sprinkler
Figure 9.32(a) – Plan view of IRS(EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for single-row racks
Figure 9.32(b) – Plan view of IRS(EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for double-row racks
Figure 9.32(c) – Plan view of IRS(EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for multiple-row racks
Figure 9.33(a) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for single-row racks
Figure 9.33(b) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement in longitude flue onlydouble-row racks
Figure 9.33(c) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for double-row racks
Figure 9.33(d) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for multiple-row racks
Figure 9.34(a) – Fire Protection Scheme A within single-row racks
Figure 9.34(b) – Fire Protection Scheme A within double-row racks
Figure 9.34(c) – Fire Protection Scheme A within multiple-row racks
Figure 9.35(a) – On-side, double row rack, with barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(b) – On-side, double row rack, without barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(c) – On-side, multiple row rack– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(d) – On-tread, double row rack, with barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(e) – On-tread, double row rack, without barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(f) – On-tread, multiple row rack– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.36 – Protection of hanging garments to 4.6 m high
Figure 9.37(b) – Vertical carousel plan – Option 1
Figure 9.38(a) – Vertical carousel elevation – Option 2
Figure 9.38(b) – Vertical carousel plan – Option 2
Figure 9.39 – Typical standard rack for carpet storage
Figure 9.40 – Typical cubicle rack for carpet storage
Figure 9.41 – Typical tube storage of carpets
Figure 9.42(a) – Multiple row racks, level 2 aerosols
Figure 9.42(b) – Multiple row racks, level 2 aerosols
Figure 9.43 – In-rack sprinkler arrangement, single row racks
Figure 9.44(a) – Single row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method A
Figure 9.44(b) – Double row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method A
Figure 9.44(c) – Double row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method B (can also beapplied to single row racks)
Figure 9.44(d) – Double row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method C (can also beapplied to single row racks)
Figure 9.44(e) – Multiple row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers
Figure 10.1 – Determination of mean area per sprinkler
Figure 10.2 – Location and shape of hydraulically ‘most remote’ area of operation
Figure 11.1 – Typical form for notifying that an installation is to be rendered inoperative
Figure 11.2 – Typical form for isolation tag card
Figure 12.1 – Density of propylene glycol in solution
Figure 12.2 – Specific gravity of glycerine in solution (% by volume)
Figure B1 – Option for arrangement of control valves
Figure E1 – Compliance flowchart for new systems
Figure E2 – Compliance flowchart for biennial inspections
Figure E3 – Compliance flowchart for extensions or alterations to existing systems
Figure E4 – Compliance flowchart for systems installed to other Standards
Figure H1 – Declaration of storage intentions
Figure P1 – Example of a graphic symbol to accompany warning signs prohibitingthe storage of aerosols
Figure R1 – Water supply flow graph
Figure S1 – Typical details of embankment supported membrane pillow tank
Figure U1 – Aerosol classification
Figure U2(a) – Arrangement of barriers around dedicated Level 2 storage areas. Examples ofstorage areas defined by building walls and barriers in racks near walls
Figure U2(b) – Arrangement of barriers around dedicated level 2 storage areas. Examples ofstorage area defined by barriers of fences away from walls (Method 1 and 2)
Figure U2(c) – Provisions for additional in-rack sprinklers around dedicated level 2 aerosolstorage area
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References
Polybutylene (PB) plumbing pipe systems - Polybutylene (PB) pipe extrusion compounds
Polybutylene (PB) plumbing pipe systems - Polybutylene (PB) pipe for hot and cold water applications
Polybutylene (PB) plumbing pipe systems - Mechanical jointing fittings for use with polybutylene (PB) pipes for hot and cold water applications
Design of concrete structures for the storage of liquids
Fire detection and alarm systems in buildings
Fire sprinkler systems for houses
Fire-resistant doorsets
New Zealand Fire Service firefighting water supplies code of practice
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NZS 4541 2013 Automatic fire sprinkler systems Cover
Contents
Committee representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Foreword
Outcome statement
Part 1 – Scope and general information
101 Scope
102 Interpretation
103 Definitions and abbreviations
104 Inspection, testing, and maintenance
105 Seismic resistance
106 Workmanship
107 Typical arrangements
108 Welding
109 Hydrostatic tests
110 Roles and responsibilities of SSC
111 Formal interpretations
112 Sprinkler system certificate of compliance methodology
113 Listing of contractors
114 Listing of equipment
115 Withdrawal of listing
116 Existing installations
117 Alternative design criteria
Part 2 – Basic rules of design
201 Installer to be listed
202 Minimum required discharge and design flow
203 Determination of fire hazard
204 Extent of sprinkler protection
205 Fire loads adjoining, linked, or adjacent to the sprinkler-protected building or sprinkler-protected firecell
206 External fire loads adjacent to the sprinkler-protected building or sprinkler-protected firecell
207 Requirements for external sprinklers and internal drenchers
208 Permitted exceptions from sprinklering
209 Provision of hand-operated firefighting appliances
210 Provision of block pan
211 Provision of water supply reference information
212 Multi-storeyed buildings
213 Buildings constructed with expanded plastic cored insulated panels
Parrt 3 – Types of installations
301 General
302 Conventional sprinkler installations
303 Deluge installations
304 Water mist installations
305 Methods to determine water delivery for gas filled sprinklerinstallations
Part 4 – System components
401 General
402 Sprinklers
403 Pipework
404 Valves
405 Enhanced safety valve set
406 Pressure gauges
407 Alarm devices
408 Storage height limitation indicators
409 Aerosol warning signs
410 Fire doors
411 Labelling
Part 5 – Location of sprinklers
501 General
502 Walls and partitions
503 Ceilings and roofs
504 Staggered spacing
505 Position of sprinklers
506 Vertical obstructions to sprinkler discharge
507 Columns
508 Open roof trusses
509 Clear space below sprinklers
510 Spacing and location of sidewall sprinklers
511 Locations or conditions requiring special consideration.
512 Obstructions below sprinklers
513 Film and television production studios
514 Theatres and music halls
515 Cupboards and wardrobes
516 Skylight shafts
517 External sprinklers
518 Extended coverage ordinary hazard and extended coverage light hazard sprinklers – Special requirements
Part 6 – Water supply
601 General
602 Classes of water supply
603 Flow and pressure requirements
604 Town’s mains, boosted town’s mains, supplemented town’s mains
605 Pumped supplies – Water sources
606 Water storage
607 Pumped supplies – Pump units
608 Elevated tanks
609 Pressure tanks
610 Fire sprinkler inlets
611 Proving of water supplies
612 Private site fire mains
Part 7 – Extra light hazard system design data
701 Water supplies
702 Sprinkler type and spacing
703 Pipework
704 Storage areas and drying rooms
Part 8 – Ordinary hazard system design data
801 Design criteria, pipe sizing, and water supplies
802 Sprinkler type and spacing
Part 9 – Extra high hazard system design data
901 Scope
902 Extra high hazard class terminology
903 General system design requirements
904 General hydraulic design requirements
905 Categorised commodities design requirements
906 Rubber tyre storage
907 Roll paper, waste paper, baled fibres storage
908 Hanging garments storage
909 Carpet storage
910 Aerosols storage
911 Distilled spirits storage
Part 10 – Fully hydraulically calculated design
1001 General
1002 Design requirements
1003 Determination of area of operation
1004 Determination of design flow and pressure
1005 Method of calculation
1006 Documentation
Part 11 – Precautions to be taken when an installation is rendered inoperative
1101 General
1102 Notification
1103 Authorisation
1104 Hot work
1105 Sectional valves
1106 Blanking pieces
1107 Water supplies
Part 12 – Routine testing, maintenance, and inspections
1201 General
1202 Routine tests and maintenance
1203 Routine inspections
1204 Twelve-yearly inspections
1205 Testing of sprinklers
1206 Water supply strainers
1207 Testing of antifreeze solutions
Appendices
Appendix A – Testing of dry pipe and pre-action systems – Example form
Appendix B – Alternative method of protection of certain small community buildings for which a sprinkler system is not a legal requirement
Appendix C – Evaluation of contractors by a sprinkler system certifier (SSC)
Appendix D – Certificate of listing of contractor
Appendix E – Sprinkler system
Appendix F – Guidelines for evaluation of equipment for listing by a sprinkler system certifier (SSC)
Appendix G – Retrospective upgrades
Appendix H – Sprinkler system storage declaration
Appendix J – Material classifications
Appendix K – Sprinkler protection design requirements for buildings constructed with foamed plastic cored insulated panels
Appendix L – Recommendations for frost protection measures for fire sprinkler systems
Appendix M – Water mist fire protection
Appendix N – Contractor’s material and flushing test certificate for underground piping
Appendix O – Orifice plates
Appendix P – Aerosol warning signs
Appendix Q – Z values and shortest major fault distances D for New Zealand
Appendix R – Testing of territorial authority water mains
Appendix S – Embankment supported membrane pillow tanks
Appendix T – Information to be provided when ordering a pump unit (see 607.1.3)
Appendix U – Aerosols – Supplementary design considerations
Appendix V – Maintenance provisions for non-standard sprinkler systems
Appendix W – Guidance on the testing of sprinklers
Appendix X – Frost protection – Electrical requirements
Tables
Table 2.1 – Representative schedule of occupancies
Table 2.2(a) – Limits on storage of conventional commodities in ordinary hazard 3 occupancies
Table 2.2(b) – Limits on incidental storage in ordinary hazard 1 and 2 occupancies
Table 2.2(c) – Limits on incidental storage of special commodities in ordinary hazard group 3 occupancies
Table 2.3 – Comparison of classification of flammable liquids designations as specified in NFPA 30 and Hazardous Substances (Classification) Regulations
Table 2.4 – Classification of external fire loads
Table 2.5 – Minimum separation distances
Table 2.6 – Block plan sprinkler information
Table 2.7 – Typical reference pressure schedule
Table 2.8 – Design data for protection of expanded plastic cored panels
Table 3.1 – Properties of antifreeze solutions
Table 3.2 – Gas filled water delivery calculation design requirements
Table 4.1 – Acceptable types of sprinklers
Table 4.2 – Pipe and jointing options for underground pipework
Table 4.3 – Pipe and jointing options for above-ground pipework
Table 4.4 – Suitable supports
Table 4.5 – Weight calculations
Table 4.6 – Allowable horizontal loads of typical pipework braces
Table 4.7 – Horizontal load capacity of typical connections
Table 5.1 – Spacing arrangements – Standard and staggered for spray sprinklers
Table 5.2 – Sprinkler distances from obstructions
Table 5.3 – Maximum distance of residential sprinklers above bottom of ceiling obstruction (where not specified by manufacturer)
Table 5.4 – Obstructions to standard sidewall sprinkler discharge
Table 5.5 – Extended coverage and extra light hazard spray sprinkler distances from suspended or floor mounted obstructions
Table 5.6 – Protection required for sprinklers provided below perforated ceilings and decks
Table 5.7 – External sprinkler spacing and location
Table 5.8 – ECOH and ECLH sprinkler distances from ceiling mounted obstructions
Table 6.1 – Duration of water supplies for EHH occupancies
Table 6.2 – Duration of water supplies for process occupancies and special commodities
Table 6.3 – Nominal fuel duration
Table 6.4 – Number of inlets
Table 7.1 – Minimum pipe sizes for precalculated extra light hazard sprinkler arrays
Table 8.1 – Design criteria for categories 1 to 4: ordinary hazard storage height up to and including 3.7 m
Table 8.2 – Design criteria for categories 5 and 6: ordinary hazard storage height up to and including 3.7 m
Table 9.1 – Design density and design area for process occupancies
Table 9.2 – Maximum area coverage per roof/ceiling sprinkler
Table 9.3 – Storage sprinklers under sloped ceilings
Table 9.4 – Spacing of ceiling level storage sprinklers
Table 9.5 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrella patterns of storage sprinklers (not extended coverage)
Table 9.6 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrella patterns of extended coverage storage sprinklers
Table 9.7 – Installation guidelines to avoid obstructions to inner core distribution pattern of storage sprinklers
Table 9.8 – Hydraulic design for in-rack sprinkler systems
Table 9.9 – Hydraulic design for ceiling-level sprinkler systems supplemented with in-rack sprinklers
Table 9.10 – Summary of ceiling-level protection tables
Table 9.11(a) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 1, 2, and 3 commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(b) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 4 and category 5 cartoned unexpanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(c) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for cartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(d) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 5 unexpanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(e) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in a solid-piled, palletised, shelf, or binbox storage arrangement
Table 9.11(f) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 1, 2, and 3 commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(g) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for category 4 and cartoned category 5 unexpanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(h) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for cartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(i) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 5 unexpanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.11(j) – Ceiling-level protection guidelines for uncartoned category 6 expanded plastic commodities in open-frame rack storage arrangements
Table 9.12(a) – On-side storage in permanent tyre racks or partially loaded portable tyre racks, without solid shelves
Table 9.12(b) – On-tread storage in permanent tyre racks or portable tyre racks, without solid shelves
Table 9.12(c) – On floor or on-side storage in fully loaded portable tyre racks
Table 9.13 – Control mode specific application criteria for on-side and on-tread rubber tyres
Table 9.14 – Suppression mode sprinklers for rubber tyre storage
Table 9.15 – Control mode specific application sprinklers for lightweight roll paper storage
Table 9.16(a) – Control mode specific application criteria for medium weight paper (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.16(b) – Protection of mediumweight paper with suppression mode sprinklers (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.17(a) – Control mode specific application criteria for heavyweight paper (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.17(b) – Protection of heavyweight roll paper with suppression mode sprinklers (number of sprinklers at pressure in kPa)
Table 9.18 – Solid pile storage of waste paper and baled fibres (natural and synthetic)
Table 9.19 – Protection for hanging garment storage on stationary pipe racks (see 908.3 for alternative option for storage up to 4.6 m in height)
Table 9.20 – Rack and tube storage of carpets
Table 9.21 – Roof/ceiling hydraulic design requirements
Table 9.22(a) – Palletised barrel storage up to six barrels high
Table 9.22(b) – Case goods storage – Palletised or solid pile
Table 9.22(c) – Single row or double row rack storage of barrels
Table 9.22(d) – Multiple row rack storage of barrels
Table 10.1 – Values of R for steel and chlorinated PVC pipes
Table 12.1 – Routine tests and maintenance frequency tolerances
Table C1 – Scope of listing
Table H1 – Representative list of material categories
Table J1 – Commodity and category examples – Alphabetical listing
Table J2 – Commodity and category examples – Listed by category
Table O1 – Pipes of 50 mm and 65 mm diameter and 500 L/min flow
Table O2 – Pipes of 80 mm to 200 mm diameter and 5000 L/min flow
Table Q1 – Z values and shortest major fault distances D for New Zealand locations (north to south)
Table U1 – Aerosol classification
Table U2 – Chemical heat of combustion for various materials
Table U3 – Chemical heat of combustion data
Figure
Figure 1.1 – Definition of range and distribution pipes
Figure 1.2 – Typical end-centre arrangement
Figure 1.3 – Typical end-side arrangement
Figure 1.4 – Typical fire sprinkler system
Figure 2.1(a) – Link to unprotected building with eave height 600 mm or greater
Figure 2.1(b) – Link to unprotected building with eave height less than 600 mm
Figure 2.2 – Typical external sprinklers
Figure 2.3 – Permitted exceptions from sprinklering of concealed spaces
Figure 2.4 – Display of water supply reference information
Figure 3.1 – Typical subsidiary floor valve arrangement – Enhanced safety valveset serving floor area greater than 11 000 m2
Figure 3.2 – Typical tail-end antifreeze installation valves
Figure 4.1 – Seismic flexible joint
Figure 4.2 – Location of pipework bracing
Figure 4.3 – Examples of load distribution to pipework bracing
Figure 4.4 – Pipework bracing details
Figure 4.5 – Configuration of air supply for dry pipe systems in refrigerated areas
Figure 4.6 – Enhanced safety valve set arrangement
Figure 4.7 – Wet pipe control valve showing an acceptable arrangement for type ‘X’ signalling complying with 407.2.2.1
Figure 4.8 – Wet pipe control valve showing an acceptable arrangement for type ‘Y’ signalling complying with 407.2.2.2
Figure 4.9 – Typical dry pipe control valve arrangement
Figure 4.10(a) – Arrangement for single sprinkler system
Figure 4.10(b) – Arrangement for multiple sprinkler systems
Figure 4.11 – Storage height limitation sign
Figure 5.1 – Example of application of 502.4
Figure 5.2 – Positioning of sprinkler heads
Figure 5.3 – Spacing arrangements – Standard and staggered
Figure 5.4 – Sprinkler distances from obstructions
Figure 5.5 – Position of residential sprinkler deflector when located above the bottomof a ceiling obstruction
Figure 5.6 – Installation of horizontal sidewall sprinklers using soffits
Figure 5.7 – Sprinkler positions for machines in tiers
Figure 5.8 – Location of sprinklers in extraction ducts
Figure 5.9 – Position of sprinkler head to avoid suspended or floor mounted obstruction tosprinkler discharge (extended coverage or extra light hazard spray sprinklers)
Figure 5.10 – Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous, solid obstructions between0.8 m and 3.0 m wide
Figure 5.11 – Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions between 0.8 m and 3.0 m wide with flat, continuous, solid barrier provided
Figure 5.12 – Additional sprinklers installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions between 1.2 m and 3.0 m wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided
Figure 5.13 – Position of sprinkler head to avoid obstruction to sprinkler discharge (extendedcoverage upright and pendent spray sprinklers)
Figure 5.14 – Minimum distance from obstruction (extended coverage upright and pendentspray sprinklers)
Figure 6.1 – Water supply classes – Typical diagrammatic layouts
Figure 6.2 – Diagrammatic key to water supply requirements
Figure 6.3 – Pressure sustaining valve
Figure 6.4 – Permissible supply to hydrants from town’s main sprinkler connections –diagrammatic layout (class C1 supply)
Figure 6.5 – Illustrative example of hydrant allowance
Figure 6.6 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main without pressure relief line
Figure 6.7 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main with pressure relief line
Figure 6.8 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main with pressure reducing valvesystem
Figure 6.8 – Typical arrangement for boosted town’s main with pressure reducing valvesystem
Figure 6.9 – Typical arrangement for supplemented town’s man (using in-fill tank)
Figure 6.10 – Typical arrangement for pump and tank supply
Figure 6.10 – Typical arrangement for pump and tank supply
Figure 6.11 – Pump suction waterway fittings
Figure 6.12 – Diesel engine water cooling unit
Figure 6.13 – Diesel engine controller logic unit
Figure 6.14 – FSI standard requirements
Figure 6.15 – Details of box lock
Figure 6.16 – Fire service inlet arrangement for multiple valve sets
Figure 9.1 – Bundled tyres (with horizontal flue spaces)
Figure 9.2(a) – Double row racks – Without solid or slatted shelves
Figure 9.2(b) – Double row racks – With solid shelves
Figure 9.2(c) – Double row racks – With slatted shelves
Figure 9.3 – Typical double row (back-to-back) rack arrangement
Figure 9.4 – Fully loaded (tyre storage)
Figure 9.5 – Typical green tyre storage (storage two carts high or 4.9 m high)
Figure 9.6 – Typical storage arrangements in locations other than warehouses
Figure 9.7(a) – Multiple row rack– Flow-through racks
Figure 9.7(b) – Multiple row rack– Double deep rack, serviced by reach (forklifts) truck
Figure 9.8(a) – On-floor storage – On-tread storage
Figure 9.8(b) – On-floor storage – Pyramid tyre storage, on-side
Figure 9.9 – Double row rack storage with on-side palletised storage
Figure 9.10(a) – Typical storage arrangement– Using pallet-based portable rack (fully loaded)
Figure 9.10(b) – Typical storage arrangement – On tread
Figure 9.11 – Rack frequently used for on-tread storage
Figure 9.12 – Typical pallets
Figure 9.13 – Portable racks
Figure 9.14(a) – Rack storage – Automatic storage type rack
Figure 9.14(b) – Rack storage – Flow-through pallet rack
Figure 9.14(c) – Rack storage – Drive-in rack, two or more pallets deep –Forklift truck drives into rack to deposit or withdraw loads in the depth of the rack
Figure 9.14(d) – Rack storage – Cantilever rack
Figure 9.15 – Portable rack using wood pallet base and steel frame
Figure 9.16 – Examples of adjacent areas with differing design criteria
Figure 9.17 – Maximum increase in linear and area spacing to avoid obstructing sprinklerdischarge
Figure 9.18 – Quick response sprinklers installed under automatic smoke and heat vents
Figure 9.19 – Quick response sprinklers installed under ceiling-level exhaust devices
Figure 9.20 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrellapatterns of storage sprinklers (not extended coverage)
Figure 9.21 – Minimum horizontal distance of ceiling objects to avoid obstructing umbrellapatterns of extended coverage storage sprinklers
Figure 9.22 – Obstruction to inner core discharge pattern of ceiling-level storage sprinklers
Figure 9.23 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects up to 20 mm wide
Figure 9.24 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 20 mm and up to 32 mm wide
Figure 9.25 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 32 mm and up to 50 mm wide
Figure 9.26 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 50 mm and up to 300 mm wide
Figure 9.27 – Obstruction area to inner core discharge pattern of pendent storage sprinklersfor objects over 300 mm and up to 600 mm wide
Figure 9.28 – Additional sprinklers installed below flat, continuous solid obstructions fromover 0.6 m wide to 3.0 wide
Figure 9.29 – Additional sprinkler installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions more than 0.6 m wide up to 3.0 m wide
Figure 9.30 – Additional sprinkler installed below non-flat, non-continuous, or non-solidobstructions over 0.6 m and up to 3.0 m wide without a flat, continuous, solid barrier provided
Figure 9.31 – Additional sprinklers installed within storage racks to account for obstructionsto the inner core distribution pattern of a sprinkler
Figure 9.32(a) – Plan view of IRS(EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for single-row racks
Figure 9.32(b) – Plan view of IRS(EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for double-row racks
Figure 9.32(c) – Plan view of IRS(EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for multiple-row racks
Figure 9.33(a) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for single-row racks
Figure 9.33(b) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement in longitude flue onlydouble-row racks
Figure 9.33(c) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for double-row racks
Figure 9.33(d) – Plan view of IRS(E) in-rack sprinkler arrangement for multiple-row racks
Figure 9.34(a) – Fire Protection Scheme A within single-row racks
Figure 9.34(b) – Fire Protection Scheme A within double-row racks
Figure 9.34(c) – Fire Protection Scheme A within multiple-row racks
Figure 9.35(a) – On-side, double row rack, with barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(b) – On-side, double row rack, without barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(c) – On-side, multiple row rack– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(d) – On-tread, double row rack, with barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(e) – On-tread, double row rack, without barriers– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.35(f) – On-tread, multiple row rack– IRS horizontal and vertical spacing
Figure 9.36 – Protection of hanging garments to 4.6 m high
Figure 9.37(b) – Vertical carousel plan – Option 1
Figure 9.38(a) – Vertical carousel elevation – Option 2
Figure 9.38(b) – Vertical carousel plan – Option 2
Figure 9.39 – Typical standard rack for carpet storage
Figure 9.40 – Typical cubicle rack for carpet storage
Figure 9.41 – Typical tube storage of carpets
Figure 9.42(a) – Multiple row racks, level 2 aerosols
Figure 9.42(b) – Multiple row racks, level 2 aerosols
Figure 9.43 – In-rack sprinkler arrangement, single row racks
Figure 9.44(a) – Single row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method A
Figure 9.44(b) – Double row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method A
Figure 9.44(c) – Double row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method B (can also beapplied to single row racks)
Figure 9.44(d) – Double row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers, method C (can also beapplied to single row racks)
Figure 9.44(e) – Multiple row racks – Location of in-rack sprinklers
Figure 10.1 – Determination of mean area per sprinkler
Figure 10.2 – Location and shape of hydraulically ‘most remote’ area of operation
Figure 11.1 – Typical form for notifying that an installation is to be rendered inoperative
Figure 11.2 – Typical form for isolation tag card
Figure 12.1 – Density of propylene glycol in solution
Figure 12.2 – Specific gravity of glycerine in solution (% by volume)
Figure B1 – Option for arrangement of control valves
Figure E1 – Compliance flowchart for new systems
Figure E2 – Compliance flowchart for biennial inspections
Figure E3 – Compliance flowchart for extensions or alterations to existing systems
Figure E4 – Compliance flowchart for systems installed to other Standards
Figure H1 – Declaration of storage intentions
Figure P1 – Example of a graphic symbol to accompany warning signs prohibitingthe storage of aerosols
Figure R1 – Water supply flow graph
Figure S1 – Typical details of embankment supported membrane pillow tank
Figure U1 – Aerosol classification
Figure U2(a) – Arrangement of barriers around dedicated Level 2 storage areas. Examples ofstorage areas defined by building walls and barriers in racks near walls
Figure U2(b) – Arrangement of barriers around dedicated level 2 storage areas. Examples ofstorage area defined by barriers of fences away from walls (Method 1 and 2)
Figure U2(c) – Provisions for additional in-rack sprinklers around dedicated level 2 aerosolstorage area
Previous versions
NZS 4541:2013
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