AS/NZS 62368.1:2022
Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Part 1: Safety requirements
Standard adopts IEC 62368‐1:2018 (ED 3.0) with modifications for Australia and New Zealand, which applies to the safety of electrical and electronic equipment within the field of audio, video, information and communication technology, and business and office machines with a rated voltage not exceeding 600 V. This document does not include requirements for performance or functional characteristics of equipment.
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AS/NZS 62368.1:2022 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Safety requirements (IEC 62368-1:2018 (ED. 3.0), MOD)
English
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
0 Principles of this product safety standard
0.1 Objective
0.2 Persons
0.2.1 General
0.2.2 Ordinary person
0.2.3 Instructed person
0.2.4 Skilled person
0.3 Model for pain and injury
0.4 Energy sources
0.5 Safeguards
0.5.1 General
0.5.2 Equipment safeguard
0.5.3 Installation safeguard
0.5.4 Personal safeguard
0.5.5 Behavioural safeguards
0.5.6 Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service conditions
0.5.7 Equipment safeguards during skilled person service conditions
0.5.8 Examples of safeguard characteristics
0.6 Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock)
0.6.1 Models for electrically-caused pain or injury
0.6.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
0.7 Electrically-caused fire
0.7.1 Models for electrically-caused fire
0.7.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused fire
0.8 Injury caused by hazardous substances
0.9 Mechanically-caused injury
0.10 Thermally-caused injury (skin burn)
0.10.1 Models for thermally-caused injury
0.10.2 Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury
0.11 Radiation-caused injury
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Energy source abbreviations
3.2 Other abbreviations
3.3 Terms and definitions
3.3.1 Circuit terms
3.3.2 Enclosure terms
3.3.3 Equipment terms
3.3.4 Flammability terms
3.3.5 Electrical insulation
3.3.6 Miscellaneous
3.3.7 Operating and fault conditions
3.3.8 Persons
3.3.9 Potential ignition sources
3.3.10 Ratings
3.3.11 Safeguards
3.3.12 Spacings
3.3.13 Temperature controls
3.3.14 Voltages and currents
3.3.15 Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric shock
3.3.16 Chemical terms
3.3.17 Batteries
3.3.18 FIW terms
3.3.19 Sound exposure
4 General requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Application of requirements and acceptance of materials, components and subassemblies
4.1.2 Use of components
4.1.3 Equipment design and construction
4.1.4 Equipment installation
4.1.5 Constructions and components not specifically covered
4.1.6 Orientation during transport and use
4.1.7 Choice of criteria
4.1.8 Liquids and liquid filled components (LFC)
4.1.9 Electrical measuring instruments
4.1.10 Temperature measurements
4.1.11 Steady state conditions
4.1.12 Hierarchy of safeguards
4.1.13 Examples mentioned in this document
4.1.14 Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product
4.1.15 Markings and instructions
4.2 Energy source classifications
4.2.1 Class€1 energy source
4.2.2 Class€2 energy source
4.2.3 Class€3 energy source
4.2.4 Energy source classification by declaration
4.3 Protection against energy sources
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person
4.3.3 Safeguards for protection of an instructed person
4.3.4 Safeguards for protection of a skilled person
4.3.5 Safeguards in a restricted access area
4.4 Safeguards
4.4.1 Equivalent materials or components
4.4.2 Composition of a safeguard
4.4.3 Safeguard robustness
4.4.4 Displacement of a safeguard by an insulating liquid
4.4.5 Safety interlocks
4.5 Explosion
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Requirements
4.6 Fixing of conductors
4.6.1 Requirements
4.6.2 Compliance criteria
4.7 Equipment for direct insertion into mains socket-outlets
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Requirements
4.7.3 Compliance criteria
4.8 Equipment containing coin / button cell batteries
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Instructional safeguard
4.8.3 Construction
4.8.4 Tests
4.8.5 Compliance criteria
4.9 Likelihood of fire or shock due to entry of conductive objects
4.10 Components requirements
4.10.1 Disconnect device
4.10.2 Switches and relays
5 Electrically-caused injury
5.1 General
5.2 Classification and limits of electrical energy sources
5.2.1 Electrical energy source classifications
5.2.2 Electrical energy source ES1 and ES2 limits
5.3 Protection against electrical energy sources
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards
5.4 Insulation materials and requirements
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Clearances
5.4.3 Creepage distances
5.4.4 Solid insulation
5.4.5 Antenna terminal insulation
5.4.6 Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary safeguard
5.4.7 Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints
5.4.8 Humidity conditioning
5.4.9 Electric strength test
5.4.10 Safeguards against transient voltages from external circuits
5.4.11 Separation between external circuits and earth
5.4.12 Insulating liquid
5.5 Components as safeguards
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Capacitors and RC units
5.5.3 Transformers
5.5.4 Optocouplers
5.5.5 Relays
5.5.6 Resistors
5.5.7 SPDs
5.5.8 Insulation between the mains and an external circuit consisting of a coaxial cable
5.5.9 Safeguards for socket-outlets in outdoor equipment
5.6 Protective conductor
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Requirements for protective conductors
5.6.3 Requirements for protective earthing conductors
5.6.4 Requirements for protective bonding conductors
5.6.5 Terminals for protective conductors
5.6.6 Resistance of the protective bonding system
5.6.7 Reliable connection of a protective earthing conductor
5.6.8 Functional earthing
5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Measuring devices and networks
5.7.3 Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections
5.7.4 Unearthed accessible parts
5.7.5 Earthed accessible conductive parts
5.7.6 Requirements when touch current exceeds ES2 limits
5.7.7 Prospective touch voltage and touch current associated with external circuits
5.7.8 Summation of touch currents from external circuits
5.8 Backfeed safeguard in battery backed up supplies
6 Electrically-caused fire
6.1 General
6.2 Classification of power sources (PS) and potential ignition sources (PIS)
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Power source circuit classifications
6.2.3 Classification of potential ignition sources
6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions
6.3.1 Requirements
6.3.2 Compliance criteria
6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS1 circuits
6.4.3 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits
6.4.4 Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits
6.4.5 Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits
6.4.6 Control of fire spread in a PS3 circuit
6.4.7 Separation of combustible materials from a PIS
6.4.8 Fire enclosures and fire barriers
6.4.9 Flammability of an insulating liquid
6.5 Internal and external wiring
6.5.1 General requirements
6.5.2 Requirements for interconnection to building wiring.
6.5.3 Internal wiring for socket-outlets
6.6 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of additional equipment
7 Injury caused by hazardous substances
7.1 General
7.2 Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances
7.3 Ozone exposure
7.4 Use of personal safeguards or personal protective equipment (PPE)
7.5 Use of instructional safeguards and instructions
7.6 Batteries and their protection circuits
8 Mechanically-caused injury
8.1 General
8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications
8.2.1 General classification
8.2.2 MS1
8.2.3 MS2
8.2.4 MS3
8.3 Safeguards against mechanical energy sources
8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners
8.4.1 Requirements
8.4.2 Compliance criteria
8.5 Safeguards against moving parts
8.5.1 Requirements
8.5.2 Instructional safeguard requirements
8.5.3 Compliance criteria
8.5.4 Special categories of equipment containing moving parts
8.5.5 High pressure lamps
8.6 Stability of equipment
8.6.1 Requirements
8.6.2 Static stability
8.6.3 Relocation stability
8.6.4 Glass slide test
8.6.5 Horizontal force test and compliance criteria
8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall, ceiling or other structure
8.7.1 Requirements
8.7.2 Test methods
8.7.3 Compliance criteria
8.8 Handle strength
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Test method
8.9 Wheels or casters attachment requirements
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Test method
8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Marking and instructions
8.10.3 Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance criteria
8.10.4 Cart, stand or carrier impact test
8.10.5 Mechanical stability
8.10.6 Thermoplastic temperature stability
8.11 Mounting means for slide-rail mounted equipment (SRME)
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Requirements
8.11.3 Mechanical strength test
8.11.4 Compliance criteria
8.12 Telescoping or rod antennas
9 Thermal burn injury
9.1 General
9.2 Thermal energy source classifications
9.2.1 TS1
9.2.2 TS2
9.2.3 TS3
9.3 Touch temperature limits
9.3.1 Requirements
9.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria
9.4 Safeguards against thermal energy sources
9.5 Requirements for safeguards
9.5.1 Equipment safeguard
9.5.2 Instructional safeguard
9.6 Requirements for wireless power transmitters
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Specification of the foreign objects
9.6.3 Test method and compliance criteria
10 Radiation
10.1 General
10.2 Radiation energy source classifications
10.2.1 General classification
10.2.2 RS1
10.2.3 RS2
10.2.4 RS3
10.3 Safeguards against laser radiation
10.4 Safeguards against optical radiation from lamps and lamp systems (including LED types)
10.4.1 General requirements
10.4.2 Requirements for enclosures
10.4.3 Instructional safeguard
10.4.4 Compliance criteria
10.5 Safeguards against X-radiation
10.5.1 Requirements
10.5.2 Compliance criteria
10.5.3 Test method
10.6 Safeguards against acoustic energy sources
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Classification
10.6.3 Requirements for dose-based systems
10.6.4 Measurement methods
10.6.5 Protection of persons
10.6.6 Requirements for listening devices (headphones, earphones, etc.)
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this document
Annex B (normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition tests and single fault condition tests
B.1 General
B.1.1 Test applicability
B.1.2 Type of test
B.1.3 Test samples
B.1.4 Compliance by inspection of relevant data
B.1.5 Temperature measurement conditions
B.2 Normal operating conditions
B.2.1 General
B.2.2 Supply frequency
B.2.3 Supply voltage
B.2.4 Normal operating voltages
B.2.5 Input test
B.2.6 Operating temperature measurement conditions
B.2.7 Battery charging and discharging under normal operating conditions
B.3 Simulated abnormal operating conditions
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Covering of ventilation openings
B.3.3 DC mains polarity test
B.3.4 Setting of voltage selector
B.3.5 Maximum load at output terminals
B.3.6 Reverse battery polarity
B.3.7 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions
B.3.8 Compliance criteria during and after abnormal operating conditions
B.4 Simulated single fault conditions
B.4.1 General
B.4.2 Temperature controlling device
B.4.3 Motor tests
B.4.4 Functional insulation
B.4.5 Short-circuit and interruption of electrodes in tubes and semiconductors
B.4.6 Short-circuit or disconnection of passive components
B.4.7 Continuous operation of components
B.4.8 Compliance criteria during and after single fault conditions
B.4.9 Battery charging and discharging under single fault conditions
Annex C (normative) UV radiation
C.1 Protection of materials in equipment from UV radiation
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Requirements
C.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria
C.2 UV light conditioning test
C.2.1 Test apparatus
C.2.2 Mounting of test samples
C.2.3 Carbon-arc light-exposure test
C.2.4 Xenon-arc light-exposure test
Annex D (normative) Test generators
D.1 Impulse test generators
D.2 Antenna interface test generator
D.3 Electronic pulse generator
Annex E (normative) Test conditions for equipment containing audio amplifiers
E.1 Electrical energy source classification for audio signals
E.2 Audio amplifier normal operating conditions
E.3 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions
Annex€F (normative)Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
F.1 General
F.2 Letter symbols and graphical symbols
F.2.1 Letter symbols
F.2.2 Graphical symbols
F.2.3 Compliance criteria
F.3 Equipment markings
F.3.1 Equipment marking locations
F.3.2 Equipment identification markings
F.3.3 Equipment rating markings
F.3.4 Voltage setting device
F.3.5 Markings on terminals and operating devices
F.3.6 Equipment markings related to equipment classification
F.3.7 Equipment IP rating marking
F.3.8 External power supply output marking
F.3.9 Durability, legibility and permanence of markings
F.3.10 Test for the permanence of markings
F.4 Instructions
F.5 Instructional safeguards
Annex G (normative) Components
G.1 Switches
G.1.1 General
G.1.2 Requirements
G.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria
G.2 Relays
G.2.1 Requirements
G.2.2 Overload test
G.2.3 Relay controlling connectors supplying power to other equipment
G.2.4 Test method and compliance criteria
G.3 Protective devices
G.3.1 Thermal cut-offs
G.3.2 Thermal links
G.3.3 PTC thermistors
G.3.4 Overcurrent protective devices
G.3.5 Safeguard components not mentioned in G.3.1 to G.3.4
G.4 Connectors
G.4.1 Clearance and creepage distance requirements
G.4.2 Mains connectors
G.4.3 Connectors other than mains connectors
G.5 Wound components
G.5.1 Wire insulation in wound components
G.5.2 Endurance test
G.5.3 Transformers
G.5.4 Motors
G.6 Wire insulation
G.6.1 General
G.6.2 Enamelled winding wire insulation
G.7 Mains supply cords
G.7.1 General
G.7.2 Cross sectional area
G.7.3 Cord anchorages and strain relief for non-detachable power supply cords
G.7.4 Cord entry
G.7.5 Non-detachable cord bend protection
G.7.6 Supply wiring space
G.8 Varistors
G.8.1 General
G.8.2 Safeguards against fire
G.9 Integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
G.9.1 Requirements
G.9.2 Test program
G.9.3 Compliance criteria
G.10 Resistors
G.10.1 General
G.10.2 Conditioning
G.10.3 Resistor test
G.10.4 Voltage surge test
G.10.5 Impulse test
G.10.6 Overload test
G.11 Capacitors and RC units
G.11.1 General
G.11.2 Conditioning of capacitors and RC units
G.11.3 Rules for selecting capacitors
G.12 Optocouplers
G.13 Printed boards
G.13.1 General
G.13.2 Uncoated printed boards
G.13.3 Coated printed boards
G.13.4 Insulation between conductors on the same inner surface
G.13.5 Insulation between conductors on different surfaces
G.13.6 Tests on coated printed boards
G.14 Coatings on component terminals
G.14.1 Requirements
G.14.2 Test method and compliance criteria
G.15 Pressurized liquid filled components
G.15.1 Requirements
G.15.2 Test methods and compliance criteria
G.15.3 Compliance criteria
G.16 IC that includes a capacitor discharge function (ICX)
G.16.1 Requirements
G.16.2 Tests
G.16.3 Compliance criteria
Annex H (normative) Criteria for telephone ringing signals
H.1 General
H.2 Method A
H.3 Method B
H.3.1 Ringing signal
H.3.2 Tripping device and monitoring voltage
Annex I (informative) Overvoltage categories (see IEC 60364-4-44)
Annex J (normative) Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation
J.1 General
J.2 Type tests
J.2.1 General
J.2.2 Electric strength
J.2.3 Flexibility and adherence
J.2.4 Heat shock
J.2.5 Retention of electric strength after bending
J.3 Testing during manufacturing
J.3.1 General
J.3.2 Spark test
J.3.3 Sampling test
Annex K (normative) Safety interlocks
K.1 General
K.1.1 General requirements
K.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.2 Components of the safety interlock safeguard mechanism
K.3 Inadvertent change of operating mode
K.4 Interlock safeguard override
K.5 Fail-safe
K.5.1 Requirement
K.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.6 Mechanically operated safety interlocks
K.6.1 Endurance requirement
K.6.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.7 Interlock circuit isolation
K.7.1 Separation distances for contact gaps and interlock circuit elements
K.7.2 Overload test
K.7.3 Endurance test
K.7.4 Electric strength test
Annex L (normative) Disconnect devices
L.1 General requirements
L.2 Permanently connected equipment
L.3 Parts that remain energized
L.4 Single-phase equipment
L.5 Three-phase equipment
L.6 Switches as disconnect devices
L.7 Plugs as disconnect devices
L.8 Multiple power sources
L.9 Compliance criteria
Annex M (normative) Equipment containing batteries and their protection circuits
M.1 General requirements
M.2 Safety of batteries and their cells
M.2.1 Requirements
M.2.2 Compliance criteria
M.3 Protection circuits for batteries provided within the equipment
M.3.1 Requirements
M.3.2 Test method
M.3.3 Compliance criteria
M.4 Additional safeguards for equipment containing a portable secondary lithium battery
M.4.1 General
M.4.2 Charging safeguards
M.4.3 Fire enclosure
M.4.4 Drop test of equipment containing a secondary lithium battery
M.5 Risk of burn due to short-circuit during carrying
M.5.1 Requirements
M.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria
M.6 Safeguards against short-circuits
M.6.1 Requirements
M.6.2 Compliance criteria
M.7 Risk of explosion from lead acid and NiCd batteries
M.7.1 Ventilation preventing an explosive gas concentration
M.7.2 Test method and compliance criteria
M.7.3 Ventilation tests
M.7.4 Marking requirement
M.8 Protection against internal ignition from external spark sources of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
M.8.1 General
M.8.2 Test method
M.9 Preventing electrolyte spillage
M.9.1 Protection from electrolyte spillage
M.9.2 Tray for preventing electrolyte spillage
M.10 Instructions to prevent reasonably foreseeable misuse
Annex€N (normative)Electrochemical potentials (V)
Annex O (normative) Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
Annex P (normative) Safeguards against conductive objects
P.1 General
P.2 Safeguards against entry or consequences of entry of a foreign object
P.2.1 General
P.2.2 Safeguards against entry of a foreign object
P.2.3 Safeguards against the consequences of entry of a foreign object
P.3 Safeguards against spillage of internal liquids
P.3.1 General
P.3.2 Determination of spillage consequences
P.3.3 Spillage safeguards
P.3.4 Compliance criteria
P.4 Metallized coatings and adhesives securing parts
P.4.1 General
P.4.2 Tests
Annex Q (normative) Circuits intended for interconnection with building wiring
Q.1 Limited power source
Q.1.1 Requirements
Q.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria
Q.2 Test for external circuits – paired conductor cable
Annex R (normative) Limited short-circuit test
R.1 General
R.2 Test setup
R.3 Test method
R.4 Compliance criteria
Annex S (normative) Tests for resistance to heat and fire
S.1 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier materials of equipment where the steady state power does not exceed 4 000 W
S.2 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier integrity
S.3 Flammability tests for the bottom of a fire enclosure
S.3.1 Mounting of samples
S.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria
S.4 Flammability classification of materials
S.5 Flammability test for fire enclosure materials of equipment with a steady state power exceeding 4 000€W
Annex T (normative) Mechanical strength tests
T.1 General
T.2 Steady force test, 10 N
T.3 Steady force test, 30 N
T.4 Steady force test, 100 N
T.5 Steady force test, 250 N
T.6 Enclosure impact test
T.7 Drop test
T.8 Stress relief test
T.9 Glass impact test
T.10 Glass fragmentation test
T.11 Test for telescoping or rod antennas
Annex U (normative) Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects of implosion
U.1 General
U.2 Test method and compliance criteria for non-intrinsically protected CRTs
U.3 Protective screen
Annex V (normative) Determination of accessible parts
V.1 Accessible parts of equipment
V.1.1 General
V.1.2 Test method 1 – Surfaces and openings tested with jointed test probes
V.1.3 Test method 2 – Openings tested with straight unjointed test probes
V.1.4 Test method 3 – Plugs, jacks, connectors
V.1.5 Test method 4 – Slot openings
V.1.6 Test method 5 – Terminals intended to be used by an ordinary person
V.2 Accessible part criterion
Annex W (informative) Comparison of terms introduced in this document
W.1 General
W.2 Comparison of terms
Annex X (normative) Alternative method for determining clearances for insulation in circuits connected to an AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Annex Y (normative) Construction requirements for outdoor enclosures
Y.1 General
Y.2 Resistance to UV radiation
Y.3 Resistance to corrosion
Y.3.1 General
Y.3.2 Test apparatus
Y.3.3 Water – saturated sulphur dioxide atmosphere
Y.3.4 Test procedure
Y.3.5 Compliance criteria
Y.4 Gaskets
Y.4.1 General
Y.4.2 Gasket tests
Y.4.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests
Y.4.4 Compression test
Y.4.5 Oil resistance
Y.4.6 Securing means
Y.5 Protection of equipment within an outdoor enclosure
Y.5.1 General
Y.5.2 Protection from moisture
Y.5.3 Water spray test
Y.5.4 Protection from plants and vermin
Y.5.5 Protection from excessive dust
Y.6 Mechanical strength of enclosures
Y.6.1 General
Y.6.2 Impact test
Bibliography
Figures
Figure€1 – Three block model for pain and injury
Figure€2 – Three block model for safety
Figure€3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury
Figure€4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
Figure€5 – Model for electrically-caused fire
Figure€6 – Models for protection against fire
Figure€7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury
Figure€8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury
Figure€9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€1 energy source
Figure€10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€2 energy source
Figure€11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€2 energy source during ordinary person servicing conditions
Figure€12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€3 energy source
Figure€13 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class€1 energy source
Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy source
Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy source
Figure€16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class€1 energy source
Figure€17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class€2 energy source
Figure€18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class€3 energy source
Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources during equipment servicing conditions
Figure 20 – Test hook
Figure€21 – Illustration showing ES limits for voltage and current
Figure€22 – Maximum values for combined AC current and DC current
Figure€23 – Maximum values for combined AC voltage and DC voltage
Figure€24 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts
Figure€25 – Mandrel
Figure 26 – Initial position of mandrel
Figure€27 – Final position of mandrel
Figure€28 – Position of metal foil on insulating material
Figure€29 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation
Figure 30 – Application points of test voltage
Figure€31 – Test for separation between an external circuit and earth
Figure€32 – Test circuit for touch current of single-phase equipment
Figure€33 – Test circuit for touch current of three-phase equipment
Figure€34 – Power measurement for worst-case fault
Figure€35 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault
Figure€36 – Illustration of power source classification
Figure€37 – Minimum separation requirements from a PIS
Figure€38 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS
Figure€39 – Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used
Figure€40 – Determination of top, bottom and side openings
Figure€41 – Top openings
Figure€42 – Bottom openings
Figure€43 – Baffle plate construction
Figure€44 – PIS trajectory downwards
Figure€45 – Limits for moving fan blades made of non-plastic materials
Figure 46 – Limits for moving fan blades made of plastic materials
Figure 47 – Steel disc
Figure 48 – Aluminium ring
Figure 49 – Aluminium foil
Figure 50 – Example of a warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral regions
Figure D.1 – 1,2/50 μs and 10/700 μs voltage impulse generator
Figure€D.2 – Antenna interface test generator circuit
Figure€D.3 – Example of an electronic pulse generator
Figure€E.1 – Band-pass filter for wide-band noise measurement
Figure€F.1 – Example of an instructional safeguard
Figure€G.1 – Determination of arithmetic average temperature
Figure€G.2 – Test voltages
Figure€G.3 – Thermal ageing time
Figure€G.4 – Abrasion resistance test for coating layers
Figure€H.1 – Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle
Figure€H.2 – ITS1 limit curve for cadenced ringing signal
Figure€H.3 – Peak and peak-to-peak currents
Figure€H.4 – Ringing voltage trip criteria
Figure€M.1 – Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents I€(mA/Ah)
Figure€O.1 – Narrow groove
Figure O.2 – Wide groove
Figure€O.3 – V-shaped groove
Figure€O.4 – Intervening unconnected conductive part
Figure€O.5 – Rib
Figure€O.6 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove
Figure€O.7 – Uncemented joint with wide groove
Figure€O.8 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves
Figure€O.9 – Narrow recess
Figure€O.10 – Wide recess
Figure€O.11 – Coating around terminals
Figure€O.12 – Coating over printed wiring
Figure€O.13 – Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material
Figure€O.14 – Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards
Figure€O.15 – Device filled with insulating compound
Figure€O.16 – Partitioned bobbin
Figure P.1 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of top openings which prevent vertical entry
Figure P.2 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of side opening louvres which prevent vertical entry
Figure€P.3 – Internal volume locus for foreign object entry
Figure S.1 – Top openings / surface of fire enclosure or fire barrier
Figure T.1 – Impact test using sphere
Figure€V.1 – Jointed test probe for equipment likely to be accessible to children
Figure€V.2 – Jointed test probe for equipment not likely to be accessible to children
Figure€V.3 – Blunt probe
Figure€V.4 – Wedge probe
Figure V.5 – Terminal probe
Figure Y.1 – Gasket test
Figure Y.2 – Water-spray test spray-head piping
Figure Y.3 – Water-spray test spray head
Tables
Table€1 – Response to energy class
Table€2 – Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources
Table€3 – Examples of safeguard characteristics
Table€4 – Electrical energy source limits for steady state ES1 and ES2
Table€5 – Electrical energy source limits for a charged capacitor
Table€6 – Voltage limits for single pulses
Table€7 – Current limits for single pulses
Table€8 – Minimum air gap distance
Table€9 – Temperature limits for materials, components and systems
Table€10 – Minimum clearances for€voltages with frequencies€up€to€30€kHz
Table€11 – Minimum clearances for voltages with€frequencies€above€30€kHz
Table€12 – Mains transient voltages
Table€13 – External circuit transient voltages
Table€14 – Minimum clearances using required withstand voltage
Table€15 – Electric strength test voltages
Table€16 – Multiplication factors for clearances and test voltages
Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation and supplementary insulation in mm
Table€18 – Minimum values of creepage distances (in mm) for frequencies higherthan 30€kHz and up to 400€kHz
Table€19 – Tests for insulation in non-separable layers
Table€20 – Electric field strength EP for some commonly used materials
Table 21 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies
Table€22 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies for thin materials
Table€23 – Values for insulation resistance
Table€24 – Distance through insulation of internal wiring
Table€25 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on transient voltages
Table€26 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages and recurring peak voltages
Table€27 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on temporary overvoltages
Table€28 – Test values for electric strength tests
Table€29 – Overview of tests for resistor applications
Table 30 – Protective earthing conductor sizes for reinforced safeguards for permanently connected equipment
Table€31 – Minimum protective bonding conductor size of copper conductors
Table€32 – Sizes of terminals for protective conductors
Table€33 – Test duration, mains connected equipment
Table€34 – List of applicable IEC standards regarding insulating liquids
Table€35 – Classification for various categories of mechanical energy sources
Table€36 – Overview of requirements and tests
Table€37 – Torque to be applied to screws
Table€38 – Touch temperature limits for accessible parts
Table€39 – Radiation energy source classifications
Table€40 – Allowable radiation level accordingto IEC€62471 (all parts) for each hazard type
Table€41 – Hazard-related risk group marking of equipment
Table€42 – Explanation of marking information and guidance on control measures
Table€C.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure
Table€D.1 – Component values for Figure€D.1 and Figure€D.2
Table€E.1 – Audio signal electrical energy source classes and safeguards
Table€F.1 – Instructional safeguard element description and examples
Table€F.2 – Examples of markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
Table€G.1 – Peak surge current
Table€G.2 – Test temperature and testing time (days) per cycle
Table G.3 – Temperature limits for transformer windings and for motor windings (except for the motor running overload test)
Table€G.4 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages
Table€G.5 – Values of FIW wires with maximum overall diameter and minimum test voltages according to the enamel increase
Table€G.6 – Temperature limits for running overload tests
Table€G.7 – Sizes of conductors
Table€G.8 – Strain relief test force
Table€G.9 – Range of conductor sizes to be accepted by terminals
Table€G.10 – Varistor overload and temporary overvoltage test
Table€G.11 – Performance test program for integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
Table€G.12 – Capacitor ratings according to IEC€60384-14
Table€G.13 – Minimum separation distances for coated printed boards
Table€G.14 – Insulation in printed boards
Table€I.1 – Overvoltage categories
Table€J.1 – Mandrel diameter
Table€J.2 – Oven temperature
Table€M.1 – Values for current Ifloat and Iboost, factors fg and fs, and voltages Ufloat and Uboost
Table O.1 – Value of X
Table€Q.1 – Limits for inherently limited power sources
Table Q.2 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (overcurrent protective device required)
Table S.1 – Foamed materials
Table S.2 – Rigid materials
Table S.3 – Very thin materials
Table T.1 – Impact force
Table T.2 – Torque values for end-piece test
Table W.1 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60664-1:2007 and IEC€623681
Table W.2 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€61140:2016 and IEC€623681
Table W.3 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60950-1:2005 and IEC€623681
Table W.4 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60728-11:2016 and IEC€62368-1
Table W.5 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€62151:2000 and IEC€62368-1
Table W.6 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60065:2014 and IEC€62368-1
Table X.1 – Alternative minimum clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Table X.2 – Additional clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Table Y.1 – Examples of the provision of pollution degree environments
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English
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
0 Principles of this product safety standard
0.1 Objective
0.2 Persons
0.2.1 General
0.2.2 Ordinary person
0.2.3 Instructed person
0.2.4 Skilled person
0.3 Model for pain and injury
0.4 Energy sources
0.5 Safeguards
0.5.1 General
0.5.2 Equipment safeguard
0.5.3 Installation safeguard
0.5.4 Personal safeguard
0.5.5 Behavioural safeguards
0.5.6 Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service conditions
0.5.7 Equipment safeguards during skilled person service conditions
0.5.8 Examples of safeguard characteristics
0.6 Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock)
0.6.1 Models for electrically-caused pain or injury
0.6.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
0.7 Electrically-caused fire
0.7.1 Models for electrically-caused fire
0.7.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused fire
0.8 Injury caused by hazardous substances
0.9 Mechanically-caused injury
0.10 Thermally-caused injury (skin burn)
0.10.1 Models for thermally-caused injury
0.10.2 Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury
0.11 Radiation-caused injury
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Energy source abbreviations
3.2 Other abbreviations
3.3 Terms and definitions
3.3.1 Circuit terms
3.3.2 Enclosure terms
3.3.3 Equipment terms
3.3.4 Flammability terms
3.3.5 Electrical insulation
3.3.6 Miscellaneous
3.3.7 Operating and fault conditions
3.3.8 Persons
3.3.9 Potential ignition sources
3.3.10 Ratings
3.3.11 Safeguards
3.3.12 Spacings
3.3.13 Temperature controls
3.3.14 Voltages and currents
3.3.15 Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric shock
3.3.16 Chemical terms
3.3.17 Batteries
3.3.18 FIW terms
3.3.19 Sound exposure
4 General requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Application of requirements and acceptance of materials, components and subassemblies
4.1.2 Use of components
4.1.3 Equipment design and construction
4.1.4 Equipment installation
4.1.5 Constructions and components not specifically covered
4.1.6 Orientation during transport and use
4.1.7 Choice of criteria
4.1.8 Liquids and liquid filled components (LFC)
4.1.9 Electrical measuring instruments
4.1.10 Temperature measurements
4.1.11 Steady state conditions
4.1.12 Hierarchy of safeguards
4.1.13 Examples mentioned in this document
4.1.14 Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product
4.1.15 Markings and instructions
4.2 Energy source classifications
4.2.1 Class€1 energy source
4.2.2 Class€2 energy source
4.2.3 Class€3 energy source
4.2.4 Energy source classification by declaration
4.3 Protection against energy sources
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person
4.3.3 Safeguards for protection of an instructed person
4.3.4 Safeguards for protection of a skilled person
4.3.5 Safeguards in a restricted access area
4.4 Safeguards
4.4.1 Equivalent materials or components
4.4.2 Composition of a safeguard
4.4.3 Safeguard robustness
4.4.4 Displacement of a safeguard by an insulating liquid
4.4.5 Safety interlocks
4.5 Explosion
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Requirements
4.6 Fixing of conductors
4.6.1 Requirements
4.6.2 Compliance criteria
4.7 Equipment for direct insertion into mains socket-outlets
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Requirements
4.7.3 Compliance criteria
4.8 Equipment containing coin / button cell batteries
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Instructional safeguard
4.8.3 Construction
4.8.4 Tests
4.8.5 Compliance criteria
4.9 Likelihood of fire or shock due to entry of conductive objects
4.10 Components requirements
4.10.1 Disconnect device
4.10.2 Switches and relays
5 Electrically-caused injury
5.1 General
5.2 Classification and limits of electrical energy sources
5.2.1 Electrical energy source classifications
5.2.2 Electrical energy source ES1 and ES2 limits
5.3 Protection against electrical energy sources
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards
5.4 Insulation materials and requirements
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Clearances
5.4.3 Creepage distances
5.4.4 Solid insulation
5.4.5 Antenna terminal insulation
5.4.6 Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary safeguard
5.4.7 Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints
5.4.8 Humidity conditioning
5.4.9 Electric strength test
5.4.10 Safeguards against transient voltages from external circuits
5.4.11 Separation between external circuits and earth
5.4.12 Insulating liquid
5.5 Components as safeguards
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Capacitors and RC units
5.5.3 Transformers
5.5.4 Optocouplers
5.5.5 Relays
5.5.6 Resistors
5.5.7 SPDs
5.5.8 Insulation between the mains and an external circuit consisting of a coaxial cable
5.5.9 Safeguards for socket-outlets in outdoor equipment
5.6 Protective conductor
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Requirements for protective conductors
5.6.3 Requirements for protective earthing conductors
5.6.4 Requirements for protective bonding conductors
5.6.5 Terminals for protective conductors
5.6.6 Resistance of the protective bonding system
5.6.7 Reliable connection of a protective earthing conductor
5.6.8 Functional earthing
5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Measuring devices and networks
5.7.3 Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections
5.7.4 Unearthed accessible parts
5.7.5 Earthed accessible conductive parts
5.7.6 Requirements when touch current exceeds ES2 limits
5.7.7 Prospective touch voltage and touch current associated with external circuits
5.7.8 Summation of touch currents from external circuits
5.8 Backfeed safeguard in battery backed up supplies
6 Electrically-caused fire
6.1 General
6.2 Classification of power sources (PS) and potential ignition sources (PIS)
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Power source circuit classifications
6.2.3 Classification of potential ignition sources
6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions
6.3.1 Requirements
6.3.2 Compliance criteria
6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS1 circuits
6.4.3 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits
6.4.4 Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits
6.4.5 Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits
6.4.6 Control of fire spread in a PS3 circuit
6.4.7 Separation of combustible materials from a PIS
6.4.8 Fire enclosures and fire barriers
6.4.9 Flammability of an insulating liquid
6.5 Internal and external wiring
6.5.1 General requirements
6.5.2 Requirements for interconnection to building wiring.
6.5.3 Internal wiring for socket-outlets
6.6 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of additional equipment
7 Injury caused by hazardous substances
7.1 General
7.2 Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances
7.3 Ozone exposure
7.4 Use of personal safeguards or personal protective equipment (PPE)
7.5 Use of instructional safeguards and instructions
7.6 Batteries and their protection circuits
8 Mechanically-caused injury
8.1 General
8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications
8.2.1 General classification
8.2.2 MS1
8.2.3 MS2
8.2.4 MS3
8.3 Safeguards against mechanical energy sources
8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners
8.4.1 Requirements
8.4.2 Compliance criteria
8.5 Safeguards against moving parts
8.5.1 Requirements
8.5.2 Instructional safeguard requirements
8.5.3 Compliance criteria
8.5.4 Special categories of equipment containing moving parts
8.5.5 High pressure lamps
8.6 Stability of equipment
8.6.1 Requirements
8.6.2 Static stability
8.6.3 Relocation stability
8.6.4 Glass slide test
8.6.5 Horizontal force test and compliance criteria
8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall, ceiling or other structure
8.7.1 Requirements
8.7.2 Test methods
8.7.3 Compliance criteria
8.8 Handle strength
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Test method
8.9 Wheels or casters attachment requirements
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Test method
8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Marking and instructions
8.10.3 Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance criteria
8.10.4 Cart, stand or carrier impact test
8.10.5 Mechanical stability
8.10.6 Thermoplastic temperature stability
8.11 Mounting means for slide-rail mounted equipment (SRME)
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Requirements
8.11.3 Mechanical strength test
8.11.4 Compliance criteria
8.12 Telescoping or rod antennas
9 Thermal burn injury
9.1 General
9.2 Thermal energy source classifications
9.2.1 TS1
9.2.2 TS2
9.2.3 TS3
9.3 Touch temperature limits
9.3.1 Requirements
9.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria
9.4 Safeguards against thermal energy sources
9.5 Requirements for safeguards
9.5.1 Equipment safeguard
9.5.2 Instructional safeguard
9.6 Requirements for wireless power transmitters
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Specification of the foreign objects
9.6.3 Test method and compliance criteria
10 Radiation
10.1 General
10.2 Radiation energy source classifications
10.2.1 General classification
10.2.2 RS1
10.2.3 RS2
10.2.4 RS3
10.3 Safeguards against laser radiation
10.4 Safeguards against optical radiation from lamps and lamp systems (including LED types)
10.4.1 General requirements
10.4.2 Requirements for enclosures
10.4.3 Instructional safeguard
10.4.4 Compliance criteria
10.5 Safeguards against X-radiation
10.5.1 Requirements
10.5.2 Compliance criteria
10.5.3 Test method
10.6 Safeguards against acoustic energy sources
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Classification
10.6.3 Requirements for dose-based systems
10.6.4 Measurement methods
10.6.5 Protection of persons
10.6.6 Requirements for listening devices (headphones, earphones, etc.)
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this document
Annex B (normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition tests and single fault condition tests
B.1 General
B.1.1 Test applicability
B.1.2 Type of test
B.1.3 Test samples
B.1.4 Compliance by inspection of relevant data
B.1.5 Temperature measurement conditions
B.2 Normal operating conditions
B.2.1 General
B.2.2 Supply frequency
B.2.3 Supply voltage
B.2.4 Normal operating voltages
B.2.5 Input test
B.2.6 Operating temperature measurement conditions
B.2.7 Battery charging and discharging under normal operating conditions
B.3 Simulated abnormal operating conditions
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Covering of ventilation openings
B.3.3 DC mains polarity test
B.3.4 Setting of voltage selector
B.3.5 Maximum load at output terminals
B.3.6 Reverse battery polarity
B.3.7 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions
B.3.8 Compliance criteria during and after abnormal operating conditions
B.4 Simulated single fault conditions
B.4.1 General
B.4.2 Temperature controlling device
B.4.3 Motor tests
B.4.4 Functional insulation
B.4.5 Short-circuit and interruption of electrodes in tubes and semiconductors
B.4.6 Short-circuit or disconnection of passive components
B.4.7 Continuous operation of components
B.4.8 Compliance criteria during and after single fault conditions
B.4.9 Battery charging and discharging under single fault conditions
Annex C (normative) UV radiation
C.1 Protection of materials in equipment from UV radiation
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Requirements
C.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria
C.2 UV light conditioning test
C.2.1 Test apparatus
C.2.2 Mounting of test samples
C.2.3 Carbon-arc light-exposure test
C.2.4 Xenon-arc light-exposure test
Annex D (normative) Test generators
D.1 Impulse test generators
D.2 Antenna interface test generator
D.3 Electronic pulse generator
Annex E (normative) Test conditions for equipment containing audio amplifiers
E.1 Electrical energy source classification for audio signals
E.2 Audio amplifier normal operating conditions
E.3 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions
Annex€F (normative)Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
F.1 General
F.2 Letter symbols and graphical symbols
F.2.1 Letter symbols
F.2.2 Graphical symbols
F.2.3 Compliance criteria
F.3 Equipment markings
F.3.1 Equipment marking locations
F.3.2 Equipment identification markings
F.3.3 Equipment rating markings
F.3.4 Voltage setting device
F.3.5 Markings on terminals and operating devices
F.3.6 Equipment markings related to equipment classification
F.3.7 Equipment IP rating marking
F.3.8 External power supply output marking
F.3.9 Durability, legibility and permanence of markings
F.3.10 Test for the permanence of markings
F.4 Instructions
F.5 Instructional safeguards
Annex G (normative) Components
G.1 Switches
G.1.1 General
G.1.2 Requirements
G.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria
G.2 Relays
G.2.1 Requirements
G.2.2 Overload test
G.2.3 Relay controlling connectors supplying power to other equipment
G.2.4 Test method and compliance criteria
G.3 Protective devices
G.3.1 Thermal cut-offs
G.3.2 Thermal links
G.3.3 PTC thermistors
G.3.4 Overcurrent protective devices
G.3.5 Safeguard components not mentioned in G.3.1 to G.3.4
G.4 Connectors
G.4.1 Clearance and creepage distance requirements
G.4.2 Mains connectors
G.4.3 Connectors other than mains connectors
G.5 Wound components
G.5.1 Wire insulation in wound components
G.5.2 Endurance test
G.5.3 Transformers
G.5.4 Motors
G.6 Wire insulation
G.6.1 General
G.6.2 Enamelled winding wire insulation
G.7 Mains supply cords
G.7.1 General
G.7.2 Cross sectional area
G.7.3 Cord anchorages and strain relief for non-detachable power supply cords
G.7.4 Cord entry
G.7.5 Non-detachable cord bend protection
G.7.6 Supply wiring space
G.8 Varistors
G.8.1 General
G.8.2 Safeguards against fire
G.9 Integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
G.9.1 Requirements
G.9.2 Test program
G.9.3 Compliance criteria
G.10 Resistors
G.10.1 General
G.10.2 Conditioning
G.10.3 Resistor test
G.10.4 Voltage surge test
G.10.5 Impulse test
G.10.6 Overload test
G.11 Capacitors and RC units
G.11.1 General
G.11.2 Conditioning of capacitors and RC units
G.11.3 Rules for selecting capacitors
G.12 Optocouplers
G.13 Printed boards
G.13.1 General
G.13.2 Uncoated printed boards
G.13.3 Coated printed boards
G.13.4 Insulation between conductors on the same inner surface
G.13.5 Insulation between conductors on different surfaces
G.13.6 Tests on coated printed boards
G.14 Coatings on component terminals
G.14.1 Requirements
G.14.2 Test method and compliance criteria
G.15 Pressurized liquid filled components
G.15.1 Requirements
G.15.2 Test methods and compliance criteria
G.15.3 Compliance criteria
G.16 IC that includes a capacitor discharge function (ICX)
G.16.1 Requirements
G.16.2 Tests
G.16.3 Compliance criteria
Annex H (normative) Criteria for telephone ringing signals
H.1 General
H.2 Method A
H.3 Method B
H.3.1 Ringing signal
H.3.2 Tripping device and monitoring voltage
Annex I (informative) Overvoltage categories (see IEC 60364-4-44)
Annex J (normative) Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation
J.1 General
J.2 Type tests
J.2.1 General
J.2.2 Electric strength
J.2.3 Flexibility and adherence
J.2.4 Heat shock
J.2.5 Retention of electric strength after bending
J.3 Testing during manufacturing
J.3.1 General
J.3.2 Spark test
J.3.3 Sampling test
Annex K (normative) Safety interlocks
K.1 General
K.1.1 General requirements
K.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.2 Components of the safety interlock safeguard mechanism
K.3 Inadvertent change of operating mode
K.4 Interlock safeguard override
K.5 Fail-safe
K.5.1 Requirement
K.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.6 Mechanically operated safety interlocks
K.6.1 Endurance requirement
K.6.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.7 Interlock circuit isolation
K.7.1 Separation distances for contact gaps and interlock circuit elements
K.7.2 Overload test
K.7.3 Endurance test
K.7.4 Electric strength test
Annex L (normative) Disconnect devices
L.1 General requirements
L.2 Permanently connected equipment
L.3 Parts that remain energized
L.4 Single-phase equipment
L.5 Three-phase equipment
L.6 Switches as disconnect devices
L.7 Plugs as disconnect devices
L.8 Multiple power sources
L.9 Compliance criteria
Annex M (normative) Equipment containing batteries and their protection circuits
M.1 General requirements
M.2 Safety of batteries and their cells
M.2.1 Requirements
M.2.2 Compliance criteria
M.3 Protection circuits for batteries provided within the equipment
M.3.1 Requirements
M.3.2 Test method
M.3.3 Compliance criteria
M.4 Additional safeguards for equipment containing a portable secondary lithium battery
M.4.1 General
M.4.2 Charging safeguards
M.4.3 Fire enclosure
M.4.4 Drop test of equipment containing a secondary lithium battery
M.5 Risk of burn due to short-circuit during carrying
M.5.1 Requirements
M.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria
M.6 Safeguards against short-circuits
M.6.1 Requirements
M.6.2 Compliance criteria
M.7 Risk of explosion from lead acid and NiCd batteries
M.7.1 Ventilation preventing an explosive gas concentration
M.7.2 Test method and compliance criteria
M.7.3 Ventilation tests
M.7.4 Marking requirement
M.8 Protection against internal ignition from external spark sources of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
M.8.1 General
M.8.2 Test method
M.9 Preventing electrolyte spillage
M.9.1 Protection from electrolyte spillage
M.9.2 Tray for preventing electrolyte spillage
M.10 Instructions to prevent reasonably foreseeable misuse
Annex€N (normative)Electrochemical potentials (V)
Annex O (normative) Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
Annex P (normative) Safeguards against conductive objects
P.1 General
P.2 Safeguards against entry or consequences of entry of a foreign object
P.2.1 General
P.2.2 Safeguards against entry of a foreign object
P.2.3 Safeguards against the consequences of entry of a foreign object
P.3 Safeguards against spillage of internal liquids
P.3.1 General
P.3.2 Determination of spillage consequences
P.3.3 Spillage safeguards
P.3.4 Compliance criteria
P.4 Metallized coatings and adhesives securing parts
P.4.1 General
P.4.2 Tests
Annex Q (normative) Circuits intended for interconnection with building wiring
Q.1 Limited power source
Q.1.1 Requirements
Q.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria
Q.2 Test for external circuits – paired conductor cable
Annex R (normative) Limited short-circuit test
R.1 General
R.2 Test setup
R.3 Test method
R.4 Compliance criteria
Annex S (normative) Tests for resistance to heat and fire
S.1 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier materials of equipment where the steady state power does not exceed 4 000 W
S.2 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier integrity
S.3 Flammability tests for the bottom of a fire enclosure
S.3.1 Mounting of samples
S.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria
S.4 Flammability classification of materials
S.5 Flammability test for fire enclosure materials of equipment with a steady state power exceeding 4 000€W
Annex T (normative) Mechanical strength tests
T.1 General
T.2 Steady force test, 10 N
T.3 Steady force test, 30 N
T.4 Steady force test, 100 N
T.5 Steady force test, 250 N
T.6 Enclosure impact test
T.7 Drop test
T.8 Stress relief test
T.9 Glass impact test
T.10 Glass fragmentation test
T.11 Test for telescoping or rod antennas
Annex U (normative) Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects of implosion
U.1 General
U.2 Test method and compliance criteria for non-intrinsically protected CRTs
U.3 Protective screen
Annex V (normative) Determination of accessible parts
V.1 Accessible parts of equipment
V.1.1 General
V.1.2 Test method 1 – Surfaces and openings tested with jointed test probes
V.1.3 Test method 2 – Openings tested with straight unjointed test probes
V.1.4 Test method 3 – Plugs, jacks, connectors
V.1.5 Test method 4 – Slot openings
V.1.6 Test method 5 – Terminals intended to be used by an ordinary person
V.2 Accessible part criterion
Annex W (informative) Comparison of terms introduced in this document
W.1 General
W.2 Comparison of terms
Annex X (normative) Alternative method for determining clearances for insulation in circuits connected to an AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Annex Y (normative) Construction requirements for outdoor enclosures
Y.1 General
Y.2 Resistance to UV radiation
Y.3 Resistance to corrosion
Y.3.1 General
Y.3.2 Test apparatus
Y.3.3 Water – saturated sulphur dioxide atmosphere
Y.3.4 Test procedure
Y.3.5 Compliance criteria
Y.4 Gaskets
Y.4.1 General
Y.4.2 Gasket tests
Y.4.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests
Y.4.4 Compression test
Y.4.5 Oil resistance
Y.4.6 Securing means
Y.5 Protection of equipment within an outdoor enclosure
Y.5.1 General
Y.5.2 Protection from moisture
Y.5.3 Water spray test
Y.5.4 Protection from plants and vermin
Y.5.5 Protection from excessive dust
Y.6 Mechanical strength of enclosures
Y.6.1 General
Y.6.2 Impact test
Bibliography
Figures
Figure€1 – Three block model for pain and injury
Figure€2 – Three block model for safety
Figure€3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury
Figure€4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
Figure€5 – Model for electrically-caused fire
Figure€6 – Models for protection against fire
Figure€7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury
Figure€8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury
Figure€9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€1 energy source
Figure€10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€2 energy source
Figure€11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€2 energy source during ordinary person servicing conditions
Figure€12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class€3 energy source
Figure€13 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class€1 energy source
Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy source
Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy source
Figure€16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class€1 energy source
Figure€17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class€2 energy source
Figure€18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class€3 energy source
Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources during equipment servicing conditions
Figure 20 – Test hook
Figure€21 – Illustration showing ES limits for voltage and current
Figure€22 – Maximum values for combined AC current and DC current
Figure€23 – Maximum values for combined AC voltage and DC voltage
Figure€24 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts
Figure€25 – Mandrel
Figure 26 – Initial position of mandrel
Figure€27 – Final position of mandrel
Figure€28 – Position of metal foil on insulating material
Figure€29 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation
Figure 30 – Application points of test voltage
Figure€31 – Test for separation between an external circuit and earth
Figure€32 – Test circuit for touch current of single-phase equipment
Figure€33 – Test circuit for touch current of three-phase equipment
Figure€34 – Power measurement for worst-case fault
Figure€35 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault
Figure€36 – Illustration of power source classification
Figure€37 – Minimum separation requirements from a PIS
Figure€38 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS
Figure€39 – Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used
Figure€40 – Determination of top, bottom and side openings
Figure€41 – Top openings
Figure€42 – Bottom openings
Figure€43 – Baffle plate construction
Figure€44 – PIS trajectory downwards
Figure€45 – Limits for moving fan blades made of non-plastic materials
Figure 46 – Limits for moving fan blades made of plastic materials
Figure 47 – Steel disc
Figure 48 – Aluminium ring
Figure 49 – Aluminium foil
Figure 50 – Example of a warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral regions
Figure D.1 – 1,2/50 μs and 10/700 μs voltage impulse generator
Figure€D.2 – Antenna interface test generator circuit
Figure€D.3 – Example of an electronic pulse generator
Figure€E.1 – Band-pass filter for wide-band noise measurement
Figure€F.1 – Example of an instructional safeguard
Figure€G.1 – Determination of arithmetic average temperature
Figure€G.2 – Test voltages
Figure€G.3 – Thermal ageing time
Figure€G.4 – Abrasion resistance test for coating layers
Figure€H.1 – Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle
Figure€H.2 – ITS1 limit curve for cadenced ringing signal
Figure€H.3 – Peak and peak-to-peak currents
Figure€H.4 – Ringing voltage trip criteria
Figure€M.1 – Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents I€(mA/Ah)
Figure€O.1 – Narrow groove
Figure O.2 – Wide groove
Figure€O.3 – V-shaped groove
Figure€O.4 – Intervening unconnected conductive part
Figure€O.5 – Rib
Figure€O.6 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove
Figure€O.7 – Uncemented joint with wide groove
Figure€O.8 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves
Figure€O.9 – Narrow recess
Figure€O.10 – Wide recess
Figure€O.11 – Coating around terminals
Figure€O.12 – Coating over printed wiring
Figure€O.13 – Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material
Figure€O.14 – Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards
Figure€O.15 – Device filled with insulating compound
Figure€O.16 – Partitioned bobbin
Figure P.1 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of top openings which prevent vertical entry
Figure P.2 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of side opening louvres which prevent vertical entry
Figure€P.3 – Internal volume locus for foreign object entry
Figure S.1 – Top openings / surface of fire enclosure or fire barrier
Figure T.1 – Impact test using sphere
Figure€V.1 – Jointed test probe for equipment likely to be accessible to children
Figure€V.2 – Jointed test probe for equipment not likely to be accessible to children
Figure€V.3 – Blunt probe
Figure€V.4 – Wedge probe
Figure V.5 – Terminal probe
Figure Y.1 – Gasket test
Figure Y.2 – Water-spray test spray-head piping
Figure Y.3 – Water-spray test spray head
Tables
Table€1 – Response to energy class
Table€2 – Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources
Table€3 – Examples of safeguard characteristics
Table€4 – Electrical energy source limits for steady state ES1 and ES2
Table€5 – Electrical energy source limits for a charged capacitor
Table€6 – Voltage limits for single pulses
Table€7 – Current limits for single pulses
Table€8 – Minimum air gap distance
Table€9 – Temperature limits for materials, components and systems
Table€10 – Minimum clearances for€voltages with frequencies€up€to€30€kHz
Table€11 – Minimum clearances for voltages with€frequencies€above€30€kHz
Table€12 – Mains transient voltages
Table€13 – External circuit transient voltages
Table€14 – Minimum clearances using required withstand voltage
Table€15 – Electric strength test voltages
Table€16 – Multiplication factors for clearances and test voltages
Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation and supplementary insulation in mm
Table€18 – Minimum values of creepage distances (in mm) for frequencies higherthan 30€kHz and up to 400€kHz
Table€19 – Tests for insulation in non-separable layers
Table€20 – Electric field strength EP for some commonly used materials
Table 21 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies
Table€22 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies for thin materials
Table€23 – Values for insulation resistance
Table€24 – Distance through insulation of internal wiring
Table€25 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on transient voltages
Table€26 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages and recurring peak voltages
Table€27 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on temporary overvoltages
Table€28 – Test values for electric strength tests
Table€29 – Overview of tests for resistor applications
Table 30 – Protective earthing conductor sizes for reinforced safeguards for permanently connected equipment
Table€31 – Minimum protective bonding conductor size of copper conductors
Table€32 – Sizes of terminals for protective conductors
Table€33 – Test duration, mains connected equipment
Table€34 – List of applicable IEC standards regarding insulating liquids
Table€35 – Classification for various categories of mechanical energy sources
Table€36 – Overview of requirements and tests
Table€37 – Torque to be applied to screws
Table€38 – Touch temperature limits for accessible parts
Table€39 – Radiation energy source classifications
Table€40 – Allowable radiation level accordingto IEC€62471 (all parts) for each hazard type
Table€41 – Hazard-related risk group marking of equipment
Table€42 – Explanation of marking information and guidance on control measures
Table€C.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure
Table€D.1 – Component values for Figure€D.1 and Figure€D.2
Table€E.1 – Audio signal electrical energy source classes and safeguards
Table€F.1 – Instructional safeguard element description and examples
Table€F.2 – Examples of markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
Table€G.1 – Peak surge current
Table€G.2 – Test temperature and testing time (days) per cycle
Table G.3 – Temperature limits for transformer windings and for motor windings (except for the motor running overload test)
Table€G.4 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages
Table€G.5 – Values of FIW wires with maximum overall diameter and minimum test voltages according to the enamel increase
Table€G.6 – Temperature limits for running overload tests
Table€G.7 – Sizes of conductors
Table€G.8 – Strain relief test force
Table€G.9 – Range of conductor sizes to be accepted by terminals
Table€G.10 – Varistor overload and temporary overvoltage test
Table€G.11 – Performance test program for integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
Table€G.12 – Capacitor ratings according to IEC€60384-14
Table€G.13 – Minimum separation distances for coated printed boards
Table€G.14 – Insulation in printed boards
Table€I.1 – Overvoltage categories
Table€J.1 – Mandrel diameter
Table€J.2 – Oven temperature
Table€M.1 – Values for current Ifloat and Iboost, factors fg and fs, and voltages Ufloat and Uboost
Table O.1 – Value of X
Table€Q.1 – Limits for inherently limited power sources
Table Q.2 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (overcurrent protective device required)
Table S.1 – Foamed materials
Table S.2 – Rigid materials
Table S.3 – Very thin materials
Table T.1 – Impact force
Table T.2 – Torque values for end-piece test
Table W.1 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60664-1:2007 and IEC€623681
Table W.2 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€61140:2016 and IEC€623681
Table W.3 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60950-1:2005 and IEC€623681
Table W.4 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60728-11:2016 and IEC€62368-1
Table W.5 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€62151:2000 and IEC€62368-1
Table W.6 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC€60065:2014 and IEC€62368-1
Table X.1 – Alternative minimum clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Table X.2 – Additional clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Table Y.1 – Examples of the provision of pollution degree environments
AS/NZS 62368.1:2022
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