ISO 9241-920:2009
Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions
ISO 9241-920:2009 gives recommendations for tactile and haptic hardware and software interactions. It provides guidance on the design and evaluation of hardware, software, and combinations of hardware and software interactions, including: the design/use of tactile/haptic inputs, outputs, and/or combinations of inputs and outputs, with general guidance on their design/use as well as on designing/using combinations of tactile and haptic interactions for use in combination with other modalities or as the exclusive mode of interaction; the tactile/haptic encoding of information, including textual data, graphical data and controls; the design of tactile/haptic objects, the layout of tactile/haptic space; interaction techniques.
It does not provide recommendations specific to Braille, but can apply to interactions that make use of Braille.
The recommendations given in ISO 9241-920:2009 are applicable to at least the controls of a virtual workspace, but they can also be applied to an entire virtual environment — consistent, in as far as possible, with the simulation requirements.
NOTE It is recognized that some interactive scenarios might be constrained by the limitation that a real workspace is to be modelled in a virtual environment. Objects can be in suboptimal positions or conditions for haptic interaction by virtue of the situation being modelled.
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Scope
Applying ISO 9241-920
Recommendations
Evaluation of products
Tactile/haptic inputs, outputs, and/or combinations
General guidance on tactile/haptic inputs, outputs and/or co
Optimizing performance
Providing accessible information on tactile/haptic elements
Providing contextual information
Using consistent labels
Identifying system state
Minimizing fatigue
Providing alternative input methods
Maintaining coherence between modalities
Combining modalities
Presenting realistic experiences
Isolation of individual interface elements
Intentional individualization
Enabling users to change modalities
Enabling force feedback override
Enabling users to individualise tactile parameters
Unintentional user perceptions
Limiting acoustic output of tactile/haptic display
Limiting heat gain of contact surface
Avoiding sensory adaptation
Recovering from sensory adaptation
Avoiding unintended perceptual illusions
Preventing temporal masking
Attributes of tactile and haptic encoding of information
High level guidance on tactile/haptic encoding of informatio
Using familiar tactile/haptic patterns
Making tactile/haptic encoding obvious
Conformity to user expectations
Using sensory substitution
Using appropriate spatial addressability and resolution
Using tactile apparent location
Using distal body parts for high spatial resolution
Using higher addressability for trained users
Using tactile apparent motion
Preventing spatial masking
Guidance on specific tactile/haptic attributes for encoding
Selecting dimensions for encoding information
Discriminating between attribute values
Limiting the number of attribute values
Combining properties
Limiting complexity
Encoding by object shape
Encoding information by temporal pattern
Encoding information using vibration amplitude
Encoding information by vibration frequency
Encoding by location
Encoding by temperature
Encoding by thermal conductivity
Identifying information values
Content-specific encoding
Encoding and text data
Encoding and using graphical data
Displaying tactile/haptic graphics
Using grids on tactile graphs
Using landmarks in tactile maps
Providing scales for tactile maps
Encoding and using controls
Using tactile/haptic controls
Using size and spacing of controls to avoid accidental activ
Avoiding difficult control actions
Using force to avoid accidental activation
Interacting with controls
Design of tactile/haptic objects and space
Tactile/haptic display spaces
Ease of perceiving multiple tactile/haptic objects
Ease of identifying adjacent tactile/haptic objects
Maintaining separation between surfaces of objects
Separating tactile/haptic elements
Avoiding empty spaces
Avoiding volume limits
Avoiding falling out of the tactile/haptic space
Objects
Using appropriate object size
Creating discriminable tactile/haptic symbols
Creating tactile/haptic symbols from visual symbols
Tactile/haptic object angles
Tactile/haptic object corners
Interaction
Navigating tactile/haptic space
Providing navigation information
Supporting path planning
Providing well-designed paths
Making landmarks easy to identify and recognise
Providing appropriate navigation techniques
Providing navigational aids
Understanding the tactile/haptic space
Supporting exploratory strategies (procedures)
Reconfiguration
Reconfiguring the tactile/haptic space
Interaction techniques
Implementing interaction techniques
Avoiding unintended oscillation
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Scope
Applying ISO 9241-920
Recommendations
Evaluation of products
Tactile/haptic inputs, outputs, and/or combinations
General guidance on tactile/haptic inputs, outputs and/or co
Optimizing performance
Providing accessible information on tactile/haptic elements
Providing contextual information
Using consistent labels
Identifying system state
Minimizing fatigue
Providing alternative input methods
Maintaining coherence between modalities
Combining modalities
Presenting realistic experiences
Isolation of individual interface elements
Intentional individualization
Enabling users to change modalities
Enabling force feedback override
Enabling users to individualise tactile parameters
Unintentional user perceptions
Limiting acoustic output of tactile/haptic display
Limiting heat gain of contact surface
Avoiding sensory adaptation
Recovering from sensory adaptation
Avoiding unintended perceptual illusions
Preventing temporal masking
Attributes of tactile and haptic encoding of information
High level guidance on tactile/haptic encoding of informatio
Using familiar tactile/haptic patterns
Making tactile/haptic encoding obvious
Conformity to user expectations
Using sensory substitution
Using appropriate spatial addressability and resolution
Using tactile apparent location
Using distal body parts for high spatial resolution
Using higher addressability for trained users
Using tactile apparent motion
Preventing spatial masking
Guidance on specific tactile/haptic attributes for encoding
Selecting dimensions for encoding information
Discriminating between attribute values
Limiting the number of attribute values
Combining properties
Limiting complexity
Encoding by object shape
Encoding information by temporal pattern
Encoding information using vibration amplitude
Encoding information by vibration frequency
Encoding by location
Encoding by temperature
Encoding by thermal conductivity
Identifying information values
Content-specific encoding
Encoding and text data
Encoding and using graphical data
Displaying tactile/haptic graphics
Using grids on tactile graphs
Using landmarks in tactile maps
Providing scales for tactile maps
Encoding and using controls
Using tactile/haptic controls
Using size and spacing of controls to avoid accidental activ
Avoiding difficult control actions
Using force to avoid accidental activation
Interacting with controls
Design of tactile/haptic objects and space
Tactile/haptic display spaces
Ease of perceiving multiple tactile/haptic objects
Ease of identifying adjacent tactile/haptic objects
Maintaining separation between surfaces of objects
Separating tactile/haptic elements
Avoiding empty spaces
Avoiding volume limits
Avoiding falling out of the tactile/haptic space
Objects
Using appropriate object size
Creating discriminable tactile/haptic symbols
Creating tactile/haptic symbols from visual symbols
Tactile/haptic object angles
Tactile/haptic object corners
Interaction
Navigating tactile/haptic space
Providing navigation information
Supporting path planning
Providing well-designed paths
Making landmarks easy to identify and recognise
Providing appropriate navigation techniques
Providing navigational aids
Understanding the tactile/haptic space
Supporting exploratory strategies (procedures)
Reconfiguration
Reconfiguring the tactile/haptic space
Interaction techniques
Implementing interaction techniques
Avoiding unintended oscillation