AS/NZS CISPR 16.1.5:2015
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1.5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration sites and reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz
Specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. In addition, requirements are provided for specialized equipment for discontinuous disturbance measurements. Identical to and reproduced from CISPR 16-1-5, Ed. 2.0 (2014).
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CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1 Antenna terms
3.1.2 Measurement site terms
3.1.3 Other terms
3.2 Abbreviations .
4 Specifications and validation procedures for CALTS and REFTS from 5 MHz to
4.1 General
4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Normative specification
4.3 Test antenna specification
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Details of the required characteristics of the test antenna
4.4 Antenna calibration test site validation procedure
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Test set-up
4.4.3 Test frequencies and receive antenna heights
4.4.4 SIL measurements
4.4.5 Swept frequency SIL measurements
4.4.6 Identifying and reducing reflections from antenna supports
4.5 Antenna calibration test site acceptance criteria
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Measurement uncertainties
4.5.3 Acceptance criteria
4.6 Calibration site with a metal ground plane for biconical antennas and tuned dipole antennas over the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz
4.7 Validation of a REFTS
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Validation for horizontal polarization
4.7.3 Validation for vertical polarization
4.8 Validation report for CALTS and REFTS
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Validation report requirements
4.9 Site validation for the calibration of biconical and dipole antennas, and the biconical part of hybrid antennas in vertical polarization
4.10 Validation of a CALTS using vertical polarization from 5 MHz to 30 MHz for the calibration of monopole antennas
4.10.1 General
4.10.2 Uncertainty evaluation
5 Validation methods for a FAR from 30 MHz to 18 GHz
5.1 General
5.2 Validation procedure 1 GHz to 18 GHz
5.2.1 Power transfer between two antennas
5.2.2 Measurement procedure for validation from 1 GHz to 18 GHz
5.2.3 Analysis of results
5.2.4 Acceptance criterion
5.2.5 Chamber performance versus polarization
5.2.6 Uncertainty
5.3 Validation of a FAR for the calibration of antennas by alternative methods
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Validation of a FAR from 30 MHz to 1 GHz
5.3.3 Alternative validation of a FAR for the calibration of LPDA antennas above 1 GHz
5.3.4 Alternative validation of a FAR applying time-domain measurements above 500 MHz
6 Validation methods for sites used for the calibration of directive antennas
6.1 Validation of the calibration site minimizing ground reflection by a height ≥ 4 m
6.1.1 Measurement procedure
6.1.2 Uncertainties
6.2 Validation of the calibration site minimizing ground reflection by use of absorber
7 Site validation by comparison of antenna factors, and application of RSM to evaluate the uncertainty contribution of a SAC site
7.1 Use of SAM for site validation by comparison of antenna factors
7.2 Application of RSM to evaluate the measurement uncertainty contribution of a calibration site comprising a SAC
Annex A (informative) CALTS characteristics and validation
A.1 General
A.2 The reflecting plane
A.2.1 Reflecting plane construction
A.2.2 Plane-edge effects and plane surroundings
A.3 Ancillary equipment
A.4 Additional stringent CALTS validation testing
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Antenna-height scan measurements
A.4.3 Frequency scan measurements
Annex B (informative) Test antenna considerations
B.1 General
B.2 Example and verification of a test antenna
B.3 Determination of balun properties
B.3.1 The ideal lossless balun
B.3.2 Relations between balun properties and S-parameters
B.3.3 Insertion loss measurements
Annex C (informative) Antenna and SIL theory
C.1 Analytical relations
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Total length of the test antenna
C.1.3 Theoretical SIL
C.1.4 Calculation example
C.2 Computations by the MoM
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Antenna input impedance
C.2.3 Total length of the test antenna
C.2.4 SIL computations
C.2.5 Antenna factor (AF) computations
Annex D (informative) Pascal Program used in C.1.4
Annex E (informative) Validation procedure checklist
Annex F (informative) Evidence that field taper of VP site validation method has
F.1 Investigation of vertical field taper
F.2 Calibration of biconical antennas using vertical polarizatio
Bibliography
Figure
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the test antenna
Figure 2 – Adjustment of a telescopic wire element to the length Lw
Figure 3 – Determination of Vr1(f) or Vr2(f)
Figure 4 – Determination of Vs(f) with the wire antennas in their specified positions
Figure 5 – Example NSIL: horizontal polarization, antenna height 2 m, separation
Figure 6 – NSIL of the four pairs of calculable dipoles at 10 m separation and using
Figure 7 – Relation between the quantities used in the SIL acceptance criterion
Figure 8 – Set-up of site validation for EMC antenna calibrations above 1 GHz in a
Figure 9 – Example plots of [Ai m(d) − Ai m(d3 m)] in dB against distance in m at 1 GHz
Figure 10 – Example of antenna set-up for an LPDA antenna calibration in the
Figure 11 – Example of SIL versus antenna height measured at 200 MHz with two LPDA antennas in vertical polarization at 2,5 m distance between their midpoints
Figure 12 – Illustration of distances of transmit horn to omni-directional receive
Figure B.1 – Example of a test antenna
Figure B.2 – Diagram of the measurement of S11 and S12, and of S22 and S21, when
Figure B.3 – Schematic diagram for determination of the insertion loss A1(f)
Figure B.4 – Schematic diagram for determination of the insertion loss A2(f)
Figure C.1 – Network model for Ai c calculations
Figure C.2 – Equivalent circuit to the network in Figure C.1
Figure C.3 – Definition of the mutual couplings, feed-terminal voltages and antenna
Figure C.4 – Cascade combination of the baluns and the site two-port network
Figure C.5 – Flow chart showing how SIL is obtained by combining the measured balun
Figure F.1 – Field uniformity with height step 1 m to 2,6 m, normalized to field at 1,8 m
Figure F.2 – Averaging of height steps, SAM, B.4.2 in CISPR 16-1-6:2014
Table
Table 1 – Summary of site validation methods by subclause number
Table 2 – Maximum tolerances for d = 10 m
Table 3 – Frequency and fixed receive antenna height data for SIL measurements at
Table 4 – RSM frequency steps
Table 5 (informative) – Antenna heights for SIL measurements
Table 6 – Antenna set-up for the SIL measurement of the calibration site using horizontally polarized resonant dipole antennas (see also 4.4.4 for SIL at 250 MHz and
Table 7 – Antenna heights
Table 8 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for SIL between two monopole
Table 9 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for FAR validation method at and
Table 10 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for the site validation method in
Table 11 – Maximum tolerances for validation set-up at d = 10 m
Table A.1 – Example of fixed-length calculable dipole antennas and their subdivision of
Table A.2 – Receive antenna heights and centre frequencies
Table C.1 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of La, Ai c (see C.1.4.2)
Table C.2 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of ∆At (see C.1.4.3)
Table C.3 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of hrc and ∆hrt
Table C.4 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of fc and ∆ft
Table C.5 – MoM example calculation of Ai c for vertical polarization, ht = 2 m, except
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References
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1.6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - EMC antenna calibration
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CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1 Antenna terms
3.1.2 Measurement site terms
3.1.3 Other terms
3.2 Abbreviations .
4 Specifications and validation procedures for CALTS and REFTS from 5 MHz to
4.1 General
4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Normative specification
4.3 Test antenna specification
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Details of the required characteristics of the test antenna
4.4 Antenna calibration test site validation procedure
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Test set-up
4.4.3 Test frequencies and receive antenna heights
4.4.4 SIL measurements
4.4.5 Swept frequency SIL measurements
4.4.6 Identifying and reducing reflections from antenna supports
4.5 Antenna calibration test site acceptance criteria
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Measurement uncertainties
4.5.3 Acceptance criteria
4.6 Calibration site with a metal ground plane for biconical antennas and tuned dipole antennas over the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz
4.7 Validation of a REFTS
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Validation for horizontal polarization
4.7.3 Validation for vertical polarization
4.8 Validation report for CALTS and REFTS
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Validation report requirements
4.9 Site validation for the calibration of biconical and dipole antennas, and the biconical part of hybrid antennas in vertical polarization
4.10 Validation of a CALTS using vertical polarization from 5 MHz to 30 MHz for the calibration of monopole antennas
4.10.1 General
4.10.2 Uncertainty evaluation
5 Validation methods for a FAR from 30 MHz to 18 GHz
5.1 General
5.2 Validation procedure 1 GHz to 18 GHz
5.2.1 Power transfer between two antennas
5.2.2 Measurement procedure for validation from 1 GHz to 18 GHz
5.2.3 Analysis of results
5.2.4 Acceptance criterion
5.2.5 Chamber performance versus polarization
5.2.6 Uncertainty
5.3 Validation of a FAR for the calibration of antennas by alternative methods
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Validation of a FAR from 30 MHz to 1 GHz
5.3.3 Alternative validation of a FAR for the calibration of LPDA antennas above 1 GHz
5.3.4 Alternative validation of a FAR applying time-domain measurements above 500 MHz
6 Validation methods for sites used for the calibration of directive antennas
6.1 Validation of the calibration site minimizing ground reflection by a height ≥ 4 m
6.1.1 Measurement procedure
6.1.2 Uncertainties
6.2 Validation of the calibration site minimizing ground reflection by use of absorber
7 Site validation by comparison of antenna factors, and application of RSM to evaluate the uncertainty contribution of a SAC site
7.1 Use of SAM for site validation by comparison of antenna factors
7.2 Application of RSM to evaluate the measurement uncertainty contribution of a calibration site comprising a SAC
Annex A (informative) CALTS characteristics and validation
A.1 General
A.2 The reflecting plane
A.2.1 Reflecting plane construction
A.2.2 Plane-edge effects and plane surroundings
A.3 Ancillary equipment
A.4 Additional stringent CALTS validation testing
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Antenna-height scan measurements
A.4.3 Frequency scan measurements
Annex B (informative) Test antenna considerations
B.1 General
B.2 Example and verification of a test antenna
B.3 Determination of balun properties
B.3.1 The ideal lossless balun
B.3.2 Relations between balun properties and S-parameters
B.3.3 Insertion loss measurements
Annex C (informative) Antenna and SIL theory
C.1 Analytical relations
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Total length of the test antenna
C.1.3 Theoretical SIL
C.1.4 Calculation example
C.2 Computations by the MoM
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Antenna input impedance
C.2.3 Total length of the test antenna
C.2.4 SIL computations
C.2.5 Antenna factor (AF) computations
Annex D (informative) Pascal Program used in C.1.4
Annex E (informative) Validation procedure checklist
Annex F (informative) Evidence that field taper of VP site validation method has
F.1 Investigation of vertical field taper
F.2 Calibration of biconical antennas using vertical polarizatio
Bibliography
Figure
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the test antenna
Figure 2 – Adjustment of a telescopic wire element to the length Lw
Figure 3 – Determination of Vr1(f) or Vr2(f)
Figure 4 – Determination of Vs(f) with the wire antennas in their specified positions
Figure 5 – Example NSIL: horizontal polarization, antenna height 2 m, separation
Figure 6 – NSIL of the four pairs of calculable dipoles at 10 m separation and using
Figure 7 – Relation between the quantities used in the SIL acceptance criterion
Figure 8 – Set-up of site validation for EMC antenna calibrations above 1 GHz in a
Figure 9 – Example plots of [Ai m(d) − Ai m(d3 m)] in dB against distance in m at 1 GHz
Figure 10 – Example of antenna set-up for an LPDA antenna calibration in the
Figure 11 – Example of SIL versus antenna height measured at 200 MHz with two LPDA antennas in vertical polarization at 2,5 m distance between their midpoints
Figure 12 – Illustration of distances of transmit horn to omni-directional receive
Figure B.1 – Example of a test antenna
Figure B.2 – Diagram of the measurement of S11 and S12, and of S22 and S21, when
Figure B.3 – Schematic diagram for determination of the insertion loss A1(f)
Figure B.4 – Schematic diagram for determination of the insertion loss A2(f)
Figure C.1 – Network model for Ai c calculations
Figure C.2 – Equivalent circuit to the network in Figure C.1
Figure C.3 – Definition of the mutual couplings, feed-terminal voltages and antenna
Figure C.4 – Cascade combination of the baluns and the site two-port network
Figure C.5 – Flow chart showing how SIL is obtained by combining the measured balun
Figure F.1 – Field uniformity with height step 1 m to 2,6 m, normalized to field at 1,8 m
Figure F.2 – Averaging of height steps, SAM, B.4.2 in CISPR 16-1-6:2014
Table
Table 1 – Summary of site validation methods by subclause number
Table 2 – Maximum tolerances for d = 10 m
Table 3 – Frequency and fixed receive antenna height data for SIL measurements at
Table 4 – RSM frequency steps
Table 5 (informative) – Antenna heights for SIL measurements
Table 6 – Antenna set-up for the SIL measurement of the calibration site using horizontally polarized resonant dipole antennas (see also 4.4.4 for SIL at 250 MHz and
Table 7 – Antenna heights
Table 8 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for SIL between two monopole
Table 9 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for FAR validation method at and
Table 10 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for the site validation method in
Table 11 – Maximum tolerances for validation set-up at d = 10 m
Table A.1 – Example of fixed-length calculable dipole antennas and their subdivision of
Table A.2 – Receive antenna heights and centre frequencies
Table C.1 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of La, Ai c (see C.1.4.2)
Table C.2 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of ∆At (see C.1.4.3)
Table C.3 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of hrc and ∆hrt
Table C.4 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of fc and ∆ft
Table C.5 – MoM example calculation of Ai c for vertical polarization, ht = 2 m, except
AS/NZS CISPR 16.1.5:2015
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Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.