AS/NZS 2243.4:2018
Safety in laboratories - Part 4: Ionizing radiations
Promotes safe work practices and prevents unnecessary exposure of persons working in laboratories containing sources of ionizing radiation. This standard does not include non-ionizing radiation. It was prepared after consideration of the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Fundamentals for Protection Against Ionising Radiation RPS F1 (2014) and Code for Radiation Protection in Planned Exposure Situations RPS C1 (2016), the most recent recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
| Get this standard | Prices exclude GST | |
|---|---|---|
| PDF ( Single user document) |
$132.30 NZD
|
|
| HardCopy |
$147.00 NZD
|
|
| Networkable PDF |
Price varies
|
|
| Online Library ( Annual subscription) |
Info
Price varies
Online Library subscription information Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team. |
AS/NZS 2243.4:2018 SAFETY IN LABORATORIES - IONIZING RADIATIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Absorbed dose
1.4.2 Accident
1.4.3 Activity
1.4.4 Activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD)
1.4.5 Adequate protection
1.4.6 Aerodynamic diameter
1.4.7 ALARA principle
1.4.8 Annual dose
1.4.9 Annual limit on intake (ALI)
1.4.10 Becquerel (Bq)
1.4.11 Bremsstrahlung
1.4.12 Committed dose
1.4.13 Committed effective dose [E()]
1.4.14 Competent person
1.4.15 Constraint
1.4.16 Controlled area
1.4.17 Derived air concentration (DAC) for occupational exposure
1.4.18 Designated radiation area (DRA)
1.4.19 Deterministic effect (non-stochastic)
1.4.20 Dose
1.4.21 Dose equivalent
1.4.22 Effective dose
1.4.23 Emergency exposure situation
1.4.24 Environmental exposure
1.4.25 Environmental monitoring
1.4.26 Equivalent dose
1.4.27 External radiation
1.4.28 Flushing sink
1.4.29 Glove box
1.4.30 Gray (Gy)
1.4.31 Half-life
1.4.32 Hazard
1.4.33 Intervention
1.4.34 Ionizing radiation
1.4.35 Ionizing radiation apparatus
1.4.36 Justification
1.4.37 Leakage radiation
1.4.38 May
1.4.39 Monitoring
1.4.40 Nuclide
1.4.41 Occupationally exposed worker
1.4.42 Occupied area
1.4.43 Optimization of protection (and safety)
1.4.44 Planned exposure situation
1.4.45 Protective housing
1.4.46 Radiation laboratory
1.4.47 Radiation protection adviser (RPA)
1.4.48 Radiation weighting factor (wR)
1.4.49 Radioactive contamination
1.4.50 Radioactive material
1.4.51 Radioisotope laboratory
1.4.52 Radiological hazard
1.4.53 Radiological laboratory
1.4.54 Radionuclide
1.4.55 Radiotoxicity
1.4.56 Reference person
1.4.57 Representative person
1.4.58 Responsible person
1.4.59 Risk
1.4.60 Risk assessment
1.4.61 Sealed source
1.4.62 Shall
1.4.63 Should
1.4.64 Sievert (Sv)
1.4.65 Source
1.4.66 Stochastic effect
1.4.67 Supervised area
1.4.68 Tissue weighting factor (wT)
1.4.69 Unsealed source
1.4.70 Useful beam
1.4.71 Waste stream
SECTION 2 HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL
2.1 HAZARDS FROM IONIZING RADIATION
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 External hazards
2.1.3 Internal hazards
2.2 LEGISLATION
2.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION, RADIOISOTOPE AND RADIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 PLANNING BRIEF
3.3 TYPES OF HAZARDS
3.4 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
3.5 RADIOISOTOPE LABORATORY GRADING
SECTION 4 IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 DESIGNATED RADIATION AREA (DRA)
4.2.1 Controlled area
4.2.2 Supervised area
4.3 RADIATION WARNING SIGNS
4.4 LOCAL INSTRUCTIONS
4.5 SHIELDING
4.6 WORKING IN ISOLATION
4.7 SEALED SOURCES AND RADIATION-PRODUCING APPARATUS
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Enclosed installations
4.7.3 Open installations
4.7.4 Sealed sources
4.7.5 X-ray analysis apparatus
4.7.6 Cabinet X-ray machines (other than X-ray analysis equipment)
4.7.7 Particle accelerators
4.8 UNSEALED RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Safe handling
4.8.3 Signage
4.8.4 Record keeping
4.8.5 Additional requirements
4.8.6 Entrances, exits and contamination monitoring
SECTION 5 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
5.1 STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
5.2 TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
SECTION 6 MONITORING IONIZING RADIATION
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC
6.3 CALIBRATION OF MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
6.4 PERSONAL MONITORING
6.5 RADIATION DOSE RECORD
6.6 AREA MONITORING
6.6.1 External radiation
6.6.2 Surface contamination
6.6.3 Airborne contamination
6.6.4 Induced radioactivity
SECTION 7 RADIATION INCIDENTS
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 RESPONSE PROCEDURES
7.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2 Equipment
7.2.3 Reporting
7.2.4 Response procedures for persons exposed during a radiation incident
7.2.5 Response procedures for spillage or loss of a radioactive material
7.2.6 Response procedures for loss of a radioactive material
7.2.7 Response procedures for fire or explosion affecting areas where radioactive materials are kept or used
SECTION 8 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 SOLID WASTE
8.3 LIQUID WASTE
8.4 AIRBORNE WASTE
8.5 OPTIONS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS SEALED SOURCES
8.5.1 Surplus sealed sources
8.5.2 Options
APPENDIX A - DOSE LIMITS
A1 GENERAL
A2 SYSTEM OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
A2.1 Types of exposure situations
A2.2 Categories of exposure
A2.3 Principles of radiological protection
A3 APPLICATION OF DOSE LIMITS
A3.1 Recommended dose limits
A3.2 Occupationally exposed workers
A3.3 Members of the public
A3.4 Radiation dose constraints
A3.5 Emergency exposures
APPENDIX B - DERIVED RADIATION PROTECTION QUANTITIES
B1 GENERAL
B2 REPRESENTATIVE PERSON
B2.1 General
B2.2 Occupationally exposed worker
B2.3 Non-occupationally exposed worker
B2.4 Members of the public
B3 SURFACE CONTAMINATION
B4 EXTERNAL DOSE RATE AND OCCUPANCY
B5 INTERNAL DOSES
B5.1 Estimation of dose
B5.2 Annual limit on intake (ALI)
B6 DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATION (DAC)
B6.1 Definition
B6.2 Example
APPENDIX C - ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
C1 GENERAL
C2 THE RESPONSIBLE PERSON
C3 RADIATION PROTECTION ADVISER (RPA)
C4 OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED WORKERS AND OTHER PERSONS
C5 NON-OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONS IN THE WORKPLACE
C5.1 Pregnant or breastfeeding female workers
C5.2 Young persons
C5.3 Members of the public
APPENDIX D - MEASUREMENT OF IONIZING RADIATIONS
D1 SCOPE
D2 GENERAL
D3 INSTRUMENT SELECTION
D4 INSTRUMENT SELECTION
D5 PERSONAL MONITORING
D5.1 General
D5.2 External dose
D5.3 Internal dose
D6 SOURCE MONITORING
D7 WORKPLACE MONITORING
D7.1 General
D7.2 Radioactive contamination on surfaces
D7.3 Airborne radioactive contamination
D7.4 Radioactive contamination in liquids
D8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
APPENDIX E - IONIZING RADIATION SYMBOLS
E1 SCOPE
E2 DESCRIPTION
E3 APPLICATIONS
E4 WORDING
APPENDIX F - MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE
F1 SCOPE
F2 CONCEPTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
F3 DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED SEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
F4 DISPOSAL OF UNSEALED SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTE
F5 DISPOSAL OF AQUEOUS LIQUID WASTE
F6 DISPOSAL OF ANIMALS CONTAINING RADIOISOTOPES
APPENDIX G - REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
G1 SCOPE
G2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
G3 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS
G4 RELATED DOCUMENTS
Keep me up-to-date
Sign up to receive updates when there are changes to this standard
References
Laboratory design and construction
Related Information
Similar Standards
-
AS/NZS 1338.2:2012
Filters for eye protectors - Part 2: Filters for protection against ultraviolet radiation -
AS/NZS 1338.3:2012
Filters for eye protectors - Part 3: Filters for protection against infra-red radiation -
AS/NZS 2161.8:2024
Occupational protective gloves, Part 8: Protection against ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination
-
AS/NZS 2243.1:2005
Safety in laboratories - Planning and operational aspects
AS/NZS 2243.4:2018 SAFETY IN LABORATORIES - IONIZING RADIATIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Absorbed dose
1.4.2 Accident
1.4.3 Activity
1.4.4 Activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD)
1.4.5 Adequate protection
1.4.6 Aerodynamic diameter
1.4.7 ALARA principle
1.4.8 Annual dose
1.4.9 Annual limit on intake (ALI)
1.4.10 Becquerel (Bq)
1.4.11 Bremsstrahlung
1.4.12 Committed dose
1.4.13 Committed effective dose [E()]
1.4.14 Competent person
1.4.15 Constraint
1.4.16 Controlled area
1.4.17 Derived air concentration (DAC) for occupational exposure
1.4.18 Designated radiation area (DRA)
1.4.19 Deterministic effect (non-stochastic)
1.4.20 Dose
1.4.21 Dose equivalent
1.4.22 Effective dose
1.4.23 Emergency exposure situation
1.4.24 Environmental exposure
1.4.25 Environmental monitoring
1.4.26 Equivalent dose
1.4.27 External radiation
1.4.28 Flushing sink
1.4.29 Glove box
1.4.30 Gray (Gy)
1.4.31 Half-life
1.4.32 Hazard
1.4.33 Intervention
1.4.34 Ionizing radiation
1.4.35 Ionizing radiation apparatus
1.4.36 Justification
1.4.37 Leakage radiation
1.4.38 May
1.4.39 Monitoring
1.4.40 Nuclide
1.4.41 Occupationally exposed worker
1.4.42 Occupied area
1.4.43 Optimization of protection (and safety)
1.4.44 Planned exposure situation
1.4.45 Protective housing
1.4.46 Radiation laboratory
1.4.47 Radiation protection adviser (RPA)
1.4.48 Radiation weighting factor (wR)
1.4.49 Radioactive contamination
1.4.50 Radioactive material
1.4.51 Radioisotope laboratory
1.4.52 Radiological hazard
1.4.53 Radiological laboratory
1.4.54 Radionuclide
1.4.55 Radiotoxicity
1.4.56 Reference person
1.4.57 Representative person
1.4.58 Responsible person
1.4.59 Risk
1.4.60 Risk assessment
1.4.61 Sealed source
1.4.62 Shall
1.4.63 Should
1.4.64 Sievert (Sv)
1.4.65 Source
1.4.66 Stochastic effect
1.4.67 Supervised area
1.4.68 Tissue weighting factor (wT)
1.4.69 Unsealed source
1.4.70 Useful beam
1.4.71 Waste stream
SECTION 2 HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL
2.1 HAZARDS FROM IONIZING RADIATION
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 External hazards
2.1.3 Internal hazards
2.2 LEGISLATION
2.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION, RADIOISOTOPE AND RADIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 PLANNING BRIEF
3.3 TYPES OF HAZARDS
3.4 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
3.5 RADIOISOTOPE LABORATORY GRADING
SECTION 4 IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 DESIGNATED RADIATION AREA (DRA)
4.2.1 Controlled area
4.2.2 Supervised area
4.3 RADIATION WARNING SIGNS
4.4 LOCAL INSTRUCTIONS
4.5 SHIELDING
4.6 WORKING IN ISOLATION
4.7 SEALED SOURCES AND RADIATION-PRODUCING APPARATUS
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Enclosed installations
4.7.3 Open installations
4.7.4 Sealed sources
4.7.5 X-ray analysis apparatus
4.7.6 Cabinet X-ray machines (other than X-ray analysis equipment)
4.7.7 Particle accelerators
4.8 UNSEALED RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Safe handling
4.8.3 Signage
4.8.4 Record keeping
4.8.5 Additional requirements
4.8.6 Entrances, exits and contamination monitoring
SECTION 5 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
5.1 STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
5.2 TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
SECTION 6 MONITORING IONIZING RADIATION
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC
6.3 CALIBRATION OF MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
6.4 PERSONAL MONITORING
6.5 RADIATION DOSE RECORD
6.6 AREA MONITORING
6.6.1 External radiation
6.6.2 Surface contamination
6.6.3 Airborne contamination
6.6.4 Induced radioactivity
SECTION 7 RADIATION INCIDENTS
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 RESPONSE PROCEDURES
7.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2 Equipment
7.2.3 Reporting
7.2.4 Response procedures for persons exposed during a radiation incident
7.2.5 Response procedures for spillage or loss of a radioactive material
7.2.6 Response procedures for loss of a radioactive material
7.2.7 Response procedures for fire or explosion affecting areas where radioactive materials are kept or used
SECTION 8 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 SOLID WASTE
8.3 LIQUID WASTE
8.4 AIRBORNE WASTE
8.5 OPTIONS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS SEALED SOURCES
8.5.1 Surplus sealed sources
8.5.2 Options
APPENDIX A - DOSE LIMITS
A1 GENERAL
A2 SYSTEM OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
A2.1 Types of exposure situations
A2.2 Categories of exposure
A2.3 Principles of radiological protection
A3 APPLICATION OF DOSE LIMITS
A3.1 Recommended dose limits
A3.2 Occupationally exposed workers
A3.3 Members of the public
A3.4 Radiation dose constraints
A3.5 Emergency exposures
APPENDIX B - DERIVED RADIATION PROTECTION QUANTITIES
B1 GENERAL
B2 REPRESENTATIVE PERSON
B2.1 General
B2.2 Occupationally exposed worker
B2.3 Non-occupationally exposed worker
B2.4 Members of the public
B3 SURFACE CONTAMINATION
B4 EXTERNAL DOSE RATE AND OCCUPANCY
B5 INTERNAL DOSES
B5.1 Estimation of dose
B5.2 Annual limit on intake (ALI)
B6 DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATION (DAC)
B6.1 Definition
B6.2 Example
APPENDIX C - ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
C1 GENERAL
C2 THE RESPONSIBLE PERSON
C3 RADIATION PROTECTION ADVISER (RPA)
C4 OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED WORKERS AND OTHER PERSONS
C5 NON-OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONS IN THE WORKPLACE
C5.1 Pregnant or breastfeeding female workers
C5.2 Young persons
C5.3 Members of the public
APPENDIX D - MEASUREMENT OF IONIZING RADIATIONS
D1 SCOPE
D2 GENERAL
D3 INSTRUMENT SELECTION
D4 INSTRUMENT SELECTION
D5 PERSONAL MONITORING
D5.1 General
D5.2 External dose
D5.3 Internal dose
D6 SOURCE MONITORING
D7 WORKPLACE MONITORING
D7.1 General
D7.2 Radioactive contamination on surfaces
D7.3 Airborne radioactive contamination
D7.4 Radioactive contamination in liquids
D8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
APPENDIX E - IONIZING RADIATION SYMBOLS
E1 SCOPE
E2 DESCRIPTION
E3 APPLICATIONS
E4 WORDING
APPENDIX F - MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE
F1 SCOPE
F2 CONCEPTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
F3 DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED SEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
F4 DISPOSAL OF UNSEALED SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTE
F5 DISPOSAL OF AQUEOUS LIQUID WASTE
F6 DISPOSAL OF ANIMALS CONTAINING RADIOISOTOPES
APPENDIX G - REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
G1 SCOPE
G2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
G3 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS
G4 RELATED DOCUMENTS
AS/NZS 2243.4:2018
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.