SNZ HB 3604:2011
Timber-framed buildings - Selected extracts from NZS 3604:2011
Provides users with a collection of figures and tables extracted from NZS 3604:2011 that are commonly used on-site. The Handbook directs users to the appropriate section of the Standard for full information. SNZ HB 3604:2011 has been designed as an on-site reference guide. The development committee advises it must not be used as a substitute for the full Standard, NZS 3604:2011. Users of SNZ HB 3604 should always refer to the full Standard when they require detailed and complete information.
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ADVISORY NOTE FOR NZS 3604:2011 AND SNZ HB 3604:2011
Cover
CONTENTS
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS
JOINT AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
NEW ZEALAND LEGISLATION
WEBSITES
LATEST REVISIONS
REVIEW OF STANDARDS
OUTCOME STATEMENT
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Interpretation
1.3 Definitions
Table
Table 1.1 - Classification of buildings
Table 1.2 - Imposed floor live load reference values
Figure
Figure 1.1 – Flow chart for limitations and scope of NZS 3604
Figure 1.2 – Buildings covered by this Standard
Figure 1.3 – Definitions of spans and loaded dimensions
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
2.1 Dimensions
2.2 Tolerances
2.3 Timber and wood-based building components
2.4 Fastenings and fabrication
2.5 Reinforcing steel
2.6 Concrete
2.7 Concrete masonry
Table
Table 2.1 - Timber framing tolerances
Table 2.2 - Fixing type and capacity reference guide
Figure
Figure 2.1 – Protection of subfloor framing timber from direct contact with concrete or masonry
Figure 2.2 – Wire dogs
SECTION 3 - SITE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Soil Bearing Capacity
3.2 Soil Types
3.3 Test method for soil bearing capacity
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Site preparation
3.6 Water in subfloor spaces
3.7 Effects of tree roots on foundations
Figure
Figure 3.1 – Relationship of foundation to sloping ground surface
SECTION 4 - DURABILITY
4.1 General
4.2 exposure zones
4.3 Timber and wood-based building components
4.4 Steel fixings and fastenings
4.5 Concrete and concrete masonry
Table
Table 4.1 - Protection required for steel fixings and fastenings excluding nails and screws
Table 4.2 - Galvanizing of steel components other than nails and screws
Table 4.3 - Steel items such as nails and screws used for framing and cladding
Figure
Figure 4.1 – Flow chart of exposure zone determination
Figure 4.2 – Exposure zone map
Figure 4.3(a) – Environment definitions “Sheltered” and “Exposed”
Figure 4.3(b) – Exposure definitions
SECTION 5 - BRACING DESIGN
5.1 General
5.2 Wind bracing demand
5.3 Earthquake bracing demand
5.4 Wall bracing design
5.5 Subfloor bracing design
5.6 Diaphragms
Table
Table 5.1 - Procedure for determination of wind zones
Table 5.2 - Procedure for determination of topographic class, T1 - T4
Table 5.3 - Determination of topographic class
Table 5.4 - Determination of wind zone
Table 5.5 - Wind bracing demand for subfloor structure
Table 5.6 - Wind bracing demand for single or upper storey walls
Table 5.7 - Wind bracing demand for lower of two storeys
Table 5.8 - Bracing demand for various combinations of cladding on single-storey buildings on subflo
Table 5.9 - Bracing demand for various combinations of cladding for two-storey buildings on subfloor
Table 5.10 - Bracing demand for various combinations of cladding for single and two-storey buildings
Table 5.11 - Bracing capacity ratings of subfloor bracing elements
Figure
Figure 5.1 – Wind regions and lee zones
Figure 5.2 – Topography (including escarpment conditions)
Figure 5.3 – Direction of wind and braced walls
Figure 5.4 – Earthquake zones
Figure 5.5 – Bracing lines supporting diaphragms
SECTION 6 - FOUNDATION AND SUBFLOOR FRAMING
6.1 General
6.2 Subfloor systems
6.3 Setting out
6.4 Piles
6.5 Ordinary piles
6.6 Driven timber piles
6.7 Cantilever piles
6.8 Braced pile systems
6.9 Anchor piles
6.10 Framed subfloor walls
6.11 Foundation walls (concrete and concrete masonry)
6.12 Bearers
6.13 Stringers
6.14 Prevention of dampness
6.15 Nailing schedule
APPENDIX A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 6.1 - Pile footings
Table 6.2 - Spacing of driven round timber piles
Table 6.3 - Subfloor jack studs - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor load
Table 6.4 - Bearers - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 6.5 - Stringer sizes and fixings
Table 6.6 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A6.3 - Subfloor jack studs - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A6.3 - Subfloor jack studs - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A6.4 - Bearers - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A6.4 - Bearers - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Figure
Figure 6.1 – Support of loadbearing wall
Figure 6.2 – Ordinary piles
Figure 6.3 – Fixing of bearers and jack studs to ordinary piles
Figure 6.4 – Driven timber piles
Figure 6.5 – Cantilever piles
Figure 6.6 – Braced pile system – Brace connected to pile
Figure 6.7 – Braced pile system – Brace connected to bearer
Figure 6.8 – Braced pile system – Brace connected to joist
Figure 6.9 – Anchor pile directly connected to joist and bearer
Figure 6.10 – Anchor pile directly connected to bearer only
Figure 6.11 – Foundation walls
Figure 6.12 – Foundation walls – Openings and steps
Figure 6.13 – Cantilevered foundation walls
Figure 6.14 – Foundation walls (not cantilevered) for single-storey buildings
Figure 6.15 – Foundation walls (not cantilevered) for two-storey buildings
Figure 6.15(a) – Horizontal reinforcing lap length for foundation walls
Figure 6.16 – Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls
Figure 6.17 – Fixing of bearers perpendicular to foundation walls
Figure 6.18 – Fixing of bearers in line with foundation walls
Figure 6.19 - Joints in bearers
Figure 6.20 – Fixing of stringers to foundation walls
Figure 6.21 – Clearance between cladding and adjacent ground
SECTION 7 - FLOORS
7.1 Floor joists
7.2 Flooring
7.3 Structural floor diaphragms
7.4 Timber decks
7.5 Concrete slab-on-ground floors for timber buildings
7.6 Nailing schedule for timber floor framing
APPENDIX A - SG 6, SG 10 tables
Table
Table 7.1 - Floor joists - SG 8 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.2 - Cantilevered floor joists - SG 8 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.3 - Flooring, for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.4 - Structural plywood flooring, for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.5 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A7.1 - Floor joists - SG 6 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A7.1 - Floor joists - SG 10 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A7.2 - Cantilevered floor joists - SG 6 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A7.2 - Cantilevered floor joists - SG 10 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Figure
Figure 7.1 – Lapped or butted joints in floor joists
Figure 7.2 – Floor joists layout criteria
Figure 7.3 – Support to floor joists under loadbearing walls
Figure 7.4 – Loadbearing wall over foundation
Figure 7.5 – Support to non-loadbearing walls
Figure 7.6 – Lapped cantilevered joists (stepped/notched)
Figure 7.7 – Openings in floors
Figure 7.8 – Holes and notches in floor joists other than cantilevered joists
Figure 7.9 – Floor diaphragms
Figure 7.10(a) – Continuous channel support detail for cantilever balustrade
Figure 7.10(b) – Top-fixed post support detail for cantilever balustrade
Figure 7.10(c) – Face-fixed post support detail for cantilever balustrade
Figure 7.11 – Minimum heights of finished concrete (residential, habitable) slab-on-ground floors
Figure 7.12 – Provision of permanent paving adjoining buildings with concrete slab-on-ground floors
Figure 7.13 – Foundation edge details – In-situ concrete
Figure 7.14 – Foundation edge details – Concrete masonry
Figure 7.15 – Masonry veneer foundation edge details – In-situ concrete
Figure 7.16 – Masonry veneer foundation edge details – Concrete masonry
Figure 7.17 – Construction of ground slabs
Figure 7.18 – Irregular slab (plan view)
Figure 7.19 – Shrinkage control joints
Figure 7.20 – Ground slabs beneath internal loadbearing walls
Figure 7.21 – Fixing of bottom plates to slabs and cast-in anchors
SECTION 8 - WALLS
8.1 General
8.2 Systems to resist vertical loads
8.3 Systems to resist horizontal loads
8.4 Wall framing - General requirements
8.5 Studs
8.6 Lintels, sill and head trimmers
8.7 Plates
8.8 Dwangs and walings
APPENDIX A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 8.1 - Ratings of 2.4 m high reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete masonry wall bracing
Table 8.2 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.3 - No. 2 Framing in internal and non-loadbearing walls
Table 8.4 - Studs in non-loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.5 - Trimming studs
Table 8.6 - Stud spacing adjustment factor for tall studs of smaller cross section in raking walls
Table 8.7 – Span multipliers for roofs steeper than 45°
Table 8.8 - Reference table for lintel load cases
Table 8.9 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.10 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.11 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor
Table 8.12 - Lintel supporting wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 8.13 - Lintel supporting floor only for all wind zones - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 8.14 - Lintel fixing
Table 8.15 - Sill and head trimmers for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.16 - Top plates of loadbearing walls - SG 8
Table 8.17 - Bottom plates of loadbearing walls - SG 8
Table 8.18 - Fixing of top plate of wall to supporting members such as studs and lintels
Table 8.19 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A8.2 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.2 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.4 - Studs in non-loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.4 - Studs in non-loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.9 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.9 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.10 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.10 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.11 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa
Table A8.11 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa
Table A8.12 - Lintel supporting wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A8.12 - Lintel supporting wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor load
Table A8.13 - Lintel supporting floor only for all wind zones - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A8.13 - Lintel supporting floor only for all wind zones - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A8.15 - Sill and head trimmers for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.15 - Sill and head trimmers for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.16 - Top plates of loadbearing walls - SG 6
Table A8.16 - Top plates of loadbearing walls - SG 10
Table A8.17 - Bottom plates of loadbearing walls - SG 6
Table A8.17 - Bottom plates of loadbearing walls - SG 10
Figure
Figure 8.1 – Dragon ties
Figure 8.2 – Framing gable end walls to resist wind loads (skillion roofs)
Figure 8.3 – Location of wall framing for the purposes of table 8.2
Figure 8.4 – Checking and boring studs
Figure 8.5 – Trimming studs and lintels
Figure 8.6 – Straightening studs
Figure 8.7 – Lintel supporting roof only
Figure 8.8 – Lintel supporting roof and wall
Figure 8.9 – Lintel supporting roof, floor joists and wall
Figure 8.10 – Lintel supporting wall and floor (truss parallel to lintel)
Figure 8.11 – Lintel supporting floor only
Figure 8.12 – Lintel fixing to prevent uplift
Figure 8.13 – Strengthening top plate
Figure 8.14 – Connecting top plates – Walls not containing bracing
Figure 8.15 – Connecting top plates in line – Walls containing bracing
Figure 8.16 – Connecting top plates to external walls at right angles – Walls containing bracing
Figure 8.17 – Connecting members providing lateral support to top plates
Figure 8.18 – Strengthening top plate for low density ceilings (against horizontal forces)
Figure 8.19 – Checking and boring top plates
Figure 8.20 – Cut top plate
Figure 8.21 – Ribbon boards
SECTION 9 - POSTS
9.1 General
9.2 Uplift - concrete volume at base
9.3 Connections
Table
Table 9.1 - Post concrete footings to resist uplift
Table 9.2 - Connections to posts and beams to resist uplift
Figure
Figure 9.1 – Area of roof supported by post
Figure 9.2 – Post/footing connections
Figure 9.3 – Beam/post connections
Figure 9.4 – Alternative post/footing connections
SECTION 10 - ROOF FRAMING
10.1 General
10.2 Systems to resist vertical loads
10.3 Systems to resist horizontal loads
10.4 Roof bracing detail
10.5 Nailing schedule for roofs
Appendix A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 10.1 - Rafters for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.2 - Ridge beams for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.3 - Ceiling joists - SG 8
Table 10.4 - Ceiling runners - SG 8
Table 10.5 - Underpurlins for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.6 - Underpurlin struts
Table 10.7 - Maximum span and fixing types for strutting beams for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.9 - Outriggers - SG 8
Table 10.10 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.11 - Purlins on their edge in all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.12 - Tile battens for all wind zones
Table 10.13 - Spacing of fixings for dummy rafters for sarked roofs
Table 10.14 - Fixing types of roof trusses at supports for all wind zones
Table 10.15 - Key to fixing types and capacity for rafters, roof trusses, underpurlins, ridge beams
Table 10.16 - Summary of roof bracing systems
Table 10.17 - Roof space diagonal braces
Table 10.18 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A10.1 - Rafters for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.1 - Rafters for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.2 - Ridge beams for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.2 - Ridge beams for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.3 - Ceiling joists - SG 6
Table A10.3 - Ceiling joists - SG 10
Table A10.4 - Ceiling runners - SG 6
Table A10.4 - Ceiling runners - SG 10
Table A10.5 - Underpurlins for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.5 - Underpurlins for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.7 - Maximum span and fixing types for strutting beams for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.7 - Maximum span and fixing types for strutting beams for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.10 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.10 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.11 - Purlins on their edge in all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.11 - Purlins on their edge in all wind zones - SG 10
Figure
Figure 10.1 – Roof framing members, couple-close roof
Figure 10.2 – Jointing hip rafters and ridge boards
Figure 10.3 – Rafter spans
Figure 10.4 – Seating of rafters
Figure 10.5 – Rafter to ridge beam connections
Figure 10.6 – Rafter to top plate connections
Figure 10.7 – Fixing rafters – Skillion roof
Figure 10.8 – Example of fixing ridge beam to wall
Figure 10.9 – Joints in ceiling joists
Figure 10.10 – Ceiling runners
Figure 10.11 – Underpurlin struts – Single
Figure 10.12 – Underpurlin struts – Paired
Figure 10.13 – Strutting beams
Figure 10.14 – Collar ties and underpurlins – Roof pitches greater than 10o
Figure 10.15 – Fixing cleats
Figure 10.16 – Gable verge framing
Figure 10.16(a) – Fly rafter/outrigger orientation
Figure 10.17 – Solid blocking for purlins
Figure 10.18 – Purlins fixed directly to rafters
Figure 10.19 – Fixing purlins and dummy rafters to skillion roofs
Figure 10.20 – Fixing purlins and dummy rafters to sarked roofs
Figure 10.21 – Truss/top plate connections
Figure 10.22 – Roof plane diagonal brace – Timber
Figure 10.23 – Roof space diagonal brace – Alternative fixings
Figure 10.24 – Sheet sarked roof
SECTION 11 - BUILDING ENVELOPE - ROOF AND WALL CLADDINGS
11.1 Weathertightness
SECTION 12 - INTERIOR LININGS
12.1 General
SECTION 13 - CEILINGS
13.1 Ceiling linings
13.2 Ceiling lining supports
13.3 Openings in ceilings
13.4 Water tanks in the roof space
13.5 Structural ceiling diaphragms
13.6 Nailing schedule for ceilings
Table
Table 13.1 - Ceiling battens
Table 13.2 - Thickness of trimmers and trimming joists
Table 13.3 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Figure
Figure 13.1 – Ceiling lining supports
Figure 13.2 – Openings in ceilings
Figure 13.3 – Support of water tanks in the roof space
Figure 13.3(a) – Ceiling diaphragm protrusions and cut-outs
Figure 13.4 – Ceiling diaphragms
SECTION 14 - REQUIREMENTS FOR 3 kPa FLOOR LOADS
14.1 General
14.2 Concrete slab-on-ground
APPENDIX A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 14.1 - Bracing demand for various cladding combinations for single-storey buildings on subfloo
Table 14.2 - Bracing demand for various cladding combinations for two-storey buildings on subfloor f
Table 14.3 - Bracing demand for various cladding combinations for single-storey and two-storey build
Table 14.4 - Bearers, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.5 - Subfloor jack studs, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.6 - Square pile footings for 3 kPa floor loads
Table 14.7 - Spacing of M12 bolts supporting stringers for 3 kPa floor loads
Table 14.8 - Floor joists for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.9 - Strip flooring for 3 kPa floor loads
Table 14.10 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.11 - Reference table for lintel load cases
Table 14.12 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.13 - Lintel supporting wall and floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.14 - Lintel supporting floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.15 - Top and bottom plates for loadbearing walls, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.16 - Structural plywood flooring
Table A14.4 - Bearers, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.4 - Bearers, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.5 - Subfloor jack studs, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.5 - Subfloor jack studs, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.8 - Floor joists for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.8 - Floor joists for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.10 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.10 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.12 - Lintels supporting roof, wall and floor for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.12 - Lintels supporting roof, wall and floor for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.13 - Lintels supporting wall and floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.13 - Lintels supporting wall and floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.14 - Lintels supporting floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.14 - Lintels supporting floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.15 - Top and bottom plates for loadbearing walls, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.15 - Top and bottom plates for loadbearing walls, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
SECTION 15 - 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa SNOW LOADING
15.1 General
15.2 Snow loading
15.3 Roof abutting an upper wall
Appendix A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 15.1 - Reference table for lintel load cases
Table 15.2 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.3 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.4 - Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG
Table 15.5 - Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall in all wind zones for 3 kPa floor load and up to
Table 15.6 - Rafters for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.7 - Ridge beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.9 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.10 - Purlins on their edge for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table A15.2 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.2 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.3 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.3 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.4 – Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load – SG 6
Table A15.4 - Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG10
Table A15.5 – Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall in all wind zones for 3 kPa floor load and up
Table A15.5 – Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall in all wind zones for 3 kPa floor load and up t
Table A15.6 - Rafters for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.6 - Rafters for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.7 - Ridge beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.7 - Ridge beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.9 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.9 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.10 - Purlins on their edge for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.10 - Purlins on their edge for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Figure
Figure 15.1 – Snow zones
Figure 15.2 – Roof abutting upper wall
SECTION 16 - COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION LINTEL TABLES
16.1 Plywood box beam lintels
16.2 Glue-laminated timber lintels
Table
Table 16.1 - Plywood box beam lintels supporting roof only
Table 16.2 - Glue-laminated timber lintel equivalents to plywood box beam lintels in table 16.1
Figure
Figure 16.1 – Built-up plywood box beam lintel – Vertical section
Figure 16.2 – Built-up plywood box beam lintel – Elevation and longitudinal section
SECTION 17 - EXPANSIVE SOILS
17.1 General
17.2 Building sites
17.3 Foundations
17.4 Reinforcement
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
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Related Information
- 91.040.30 Residential buildings91.080.20 Timber structures
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- AS/NZS 1328.1:1998
Glued laminated structural timber - Performance requirements and minimum production requirements - AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 A1
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Finger jointed structural timber
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Timber - Bond performance of structural adhesives
ADVISORY NOTE FOR NZS 3604:2011 AND SNZ HB 3604:2011
Cover
CONTENTS
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS
JOINT AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
NEW ZEALAND LEGISLATION
WEBSITES
LATEST REVISIONS
REVIEW OF STANDARDS
OUTCOME STATEMENT
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Interpretation
1.3 Definitions
Table
Table 1.1 - Classification of buildings
Table 1.2 - Imposed floor live load reference values
Figure
Figure 1.1 – Flow chart for limitations and scope of NZS 3604
Figure 1.2 – Buildings covered by this Standard
Figure 1.3 – Definitions of spans and loaded dimensions
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
2.1 Dimensions
2.2 Tolerances
2.3 Timber and wood-based building components
2.4 Fastenings and fabrication
2.5 Reinforcing steel
2.6 Concrete
2.7 Concrete masonry
Table
Table 2.1 - Timber framing tolerances
Table 2.2 - Fixing type and capacity reference guide
Figure
Figure 2.1 – Protection of subfloor framing timber from direct contact with concrete or masonry
Figure 2.2 – Wire dogs
SECTION 3 - SITE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Soil Bearing Capacity
3.2 Soil Types
3.3 Test method for soil bearing capacity
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Site preparation
3.6 Water in subfloor spaces
3.7 Effects of tree roots on foundations
Figure
Figure 3.1 – Relationship of foundation to sloping ground surface
SECTION 4 - DURABILITY
4.1 General
4.2 exposure zones
4.3 Timber and wood-based building components
4.4 Steel fixings and fastenings
4.5 Concrete and concrete masonry
Table
Table 4.1 - Protection required for steel fixings and fastenings excluding nails and screws
Table 4.2 - Galvanizing of steel components other than nails and screws
Table 4.3 - Steel items such as nails and screws used for framing and cladding
Figure
Figure 4.1 – Flow chart of exposure zone determination
Figure 4.2 – Exposure zone map
Figure 4.3(a) – Environment definitions “Sheltered” and “Exposed”
Figure 4.3(b) – Exposure definitions
SECTION 5 - BRACING DESIGN
5.1 General
5.2 Wind bracing demand
5.3 Earthquake bracing demand
5.4 Wall bracing design
5.5 Subfloor bracing design
5.6 Diaphragms
Table
Table 5.1 - Procedure for determination of wind zones
Table 5.2 - Procedure for determination of topographic class, T1 - T4
Table 5.3 - Determination of topographic class
Table 5.4 - Determination of wind zone
Table 5.5 - Wind bracing demand for subfloor structure
Table 5.6 - Wind bracing demand for single or upper storey walls
Table 5.7 - Wind bracing demand for lower of two storeys
Table 5.8 - Bracing demand for various combinations of cladding on single-storey buildings on subflo
Table 5.9 - Bracing demand for various combinations of cladding for two-storey buildings on subfloor
Table 5.10 - Bracing demand for various combinations of cladding for single and two-storey buildings
Table 5.11 - Bracing capacity ratings of subfloor bracing elements
Figure
Figure 5.1 – Wind regions and lee zones
Figure 5.2 – Topography (including escarpment conditions)
Figure 5.3 – Direction of wind and braced walls
Figure 5.4 – Earthquake zones
Figure 5.5 – Bracing lines supporting diaphragms
SECTION 6 - FOUNDATION AND SUBFLOOR FRAMING
6.1 General
6.2 Subfloor systems
6.3 Setting out
6.4 Piles
6.5 Ordinary piles
6.6 Driven timber piles
6.7 Cantilever piles
6.8 Braced pile systems
6.9 Anchor piles
6.10 Framed subfloor walls
6.11 Foundation walls (concrete and concrete masonry)
6.12 Bearers
6.13 Stringers
6.14 Prevention of dampness
6.15 Nailing schedule
APPENDIX A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 6.1 - Pile footings
Table 6.2 - Spacing of driven round timber piles
Table 6.3 - Subfloor jack studs - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor load
Table 6.4 - Bearers - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 6.5 - Stringer sizes and fixings
Table 6.6 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A6.3 - Subfloor jack studs - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A6.3 - Subfloor jack studs - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A6.4 - Bearers - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A6.4 - Bearers - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Figure
Figure 6.1 – Support of loadbearing wall
Figure 6.2 – Ordinary piles
Figure 6.3 – Fixing of bearers and jack studs to ordinary piles
Figure 6.4 – Driven timber piles
Figure 6.5 – Cantilever piles
Figure 6.6 – Braced pile system – Brace connected to pile
Figure 6.7 – Braced pile system – Brace connected to bearer
Figure 6.8 – Braced pile system – Brace connected to joist
Figure 6.9 – Anchor pile directly connected to joist and bearer
Figure 6.10 – Anchor pile directly connected to bearer only
Figure 6.11 – Foundation walls
Figure 6.12 – Foundation walls – Openings and steps
Figure 6.13 – Cantilevered foundation walls
Figure 6.14 – Foundation walls (not cantilevered) for single-storey buildings
Figure 6.15 – Foundation walls (not cantilevered) for two-storey buildings
Figure 6.15(a) – Horizontal reinforcing lap length for foundation walls
Figure 6.16 – Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls
Figure 6.17 – Fixing of bearers perpendicular to foundation walls
Figure 6.18 – Fixing of bearers in line with foundation walls
Figure 6.19 - Joints in bearers
Figure 6.20 – Fixing of stringers to foundation walls
Figure 6.21 – Clearance between cladding and adjacent ground
SECTION 7 - FLOORS
7.1 Floor joists
7.2 Flooring
7.3 Structural floor diaphragms
7.4 Timber decks
7.5 Concrete slab-on-ground floors for timber buildings
7.6 Nailing schedule for timber floor framing
APPENDIX A - SG 6, SG 10 tables
Table
Table 7.1 - Floor joists - SG 8 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.2 - Cantilevered floor joists - SG 8 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.3 - Flooring, for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.4 - Structural plywood flooring, for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 7.5 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A7.1 - Floor joists - SG 6 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A7.1 - Floor joists - SG 10 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A7.2 - Cantilevered floor joists - SG 6 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A7.2 - Cantilevered floor joists - SG 10 up to 2 kPa floor loads
Figure
Figure 7.1 – Lapped or butted joints in floor joists
Figure 7.2 – Floor joists layout criteria
Figure 7.3 – Support to floor joists under loadbearing walls
Figure 7.4 – Loadbearing wall over foundation
Figure 7.5 – Support to non-loadbearing walls
Figure 7.6 – Lapped cantilevered joists (stepped/notched)
Figure 7.7 – Openings in floors
Figure 7.8 – Holes and notches in floor joists other than cantilevered joists
Figure 7.9 – Floor diaphragms
Figure 7.10(a) – Continuous channel support detail for cantilever balustrade
Figure 7.10(b) – Top-fixed post support detail for cantilever balustrade
Figure 7.10(c) – Face-fixed post support detail for cantilever balustrade
Figure 7.11 – Minimum heights of finished concrete (residential, habitable) slab-on-ground floors
Figure 7.12 – Provision of permanent paving adjoining buildings with concrete slab-on-ground floors
Figure 7.13 – Foundation edge details – In-situ concrete
Figure 7.14 – Foundation edge details – Concrete masonry
Figure 7.15 – Masonry veneer foundation edge details – In-situ concrete
Figure 7.16 – Masonry veneer foundation edge details – Concrete masonry
Figure 7.17 – Construction of ground slabs
Figure 7.18 – Irregular slab (plan view)
Figure 7.19 – Shrinkage control joints
Figure 7.20 – Ground slabs beneath internal loadbearing walls
Figure 7.21 – Fixing of bottom plates to slabs and cast-in anchors
SECTION 8 - WALLS
8.1 General
8.2 Systems to resist vertical loads
8.3 Systems to resist horizontal loads
8.4 Wall framing - General requirements
8.5 Studs
8.6 Lintels, sill and head trimmers
8.7 Plates
8.8 Dwangs and walings
APPENDIX A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 8.1 - Ratings of 2.4 m high reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete masonry wall bracing
Table 8.2 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.3 - No. 2 Framing in internal and non-loadbearing walls
Table 8.4 - Studs in non-loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.5 - Trimming studs
Table 8.6 - Stud spacing adjustment factor for tall studs of smaller cross section in raking walls
Table 8.7 – Span multipliers for roofs steeper than 45°
Table 8.8 - Reference table for lintel load cases
Table 8.9 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.10 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.11 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor
Table 8.12 - Lintel supporting wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 8.13 - Lintel supporting floor only for all wind zones - SG 8 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table 8.14 - Lintel fixing
Table 8.15 - Sill and head trimmers for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 8.16 - Top plates of loadbearing walls - SG 8
Table 8.17 - Bottom plates of loadbearing walls - SG 8
Table 8.18 - Fixing of top plate of wall to supporting members such as studs and lintels
Table 8.19 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A8.2 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.2 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.4 - Studs in non-loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.4 - Studs in non-loadbearing walls for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.9 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.9 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.10 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.10 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.11 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa
Table A8.11 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa
Table A8.12 - Lintel supporting wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A8.12 - Lintel supporting wall and floor for all wind zones - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor load
Table A8.13 - Lintel supporting floor only for all wind zones - SG 6 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A8.13 - Lintel supporting floor only for all wind zones - SG 10 for up to 2 kPa floor loads
Table A8.15 - Sill and head trimmers for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A8.15 - Sill and head trimmers for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A8.16 - Top plates of loadbearing walls - SG 6
Table A8.16 - Top plates of loadbearing walls - SG 10
Table A8.17 - Bottom plates of loadbearing walls - SG 6
Table A8.17 - Bottom plates of loadbearing walls - SG 10
Figure
Figure 8.1 – Dragon ties
Figure 8.2 – Framing gable end walls to resist wind loads (skillion roofs)
Figure 8.3 – Location of wall framing for the purposes of table 8.2
Figure 8.4 – Checking and boring studs
Figure 8.5 – Trimming studs and lintels
Figure 8.6 – Straightening studs
Figure 8.7 – Lintel supporting roof only
Figure 8.8 – Lintel supporting roof and wall
Figure 8.9 – Lintel supporting roof, floor joists and wall
Figure 8.10 – Lintel supporting wall and floor (truss parallel to lintel)
Figure 8.11 – Lintel supporting floor only
Figure 8.12 – Lintel fixing to prevent uplift
Figure 8.13 – Strengthening top plate
Figure 8.14 – Connecting top plates – Walls not containing bracing
Figure 8.15 – Connecting top plates in line – Walls containing bracing
Figure 8.16 – Connecting top plates to external walls at right angles – Walls containing bracing
Figure 8.17 – Connecting members providing lateral support to top plates
Figure 8.18 – Strengthening top plate for low density ceilings (against horizontal forces)
Figure 8.19 – Checking and boring top plates
Figure 8.20 – Cut top plate
Figure 8.21 – Ribbon boards
SECTION 9 - POSTS
9.1 General
9.2 Uplift - concrete volume at base
9.3 Connections
Table
Table 9.1 - Post concrete footings to resist uplift
Table 9.2 - Connections to posts and beams to resist uplift
Figure
Figure 9.1 – Area of roof supported by post
Figure 9.2 – Post/footing connections
Figure 9.3 – Beam/post connections
Figure 9.4 – Alternative post/footing connections
SECTION 10 - ROOF FRAMING
10.1 General
10.2 Systems to resist vertical loads
10.3 Systems to resist horizontal loads
10.4 Roof bracing detail
10.5 Nailing schedule for roofs
Appendix A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 10.1 - Rafters for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.2 - Ridge beams for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.3 - Ceiling joists - SG 8
Table 10.4 - Ceiling runners - SG 8
Table 10.5 - Underpurlins for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.6 - Underpurlin struts
Table 10.7 - Maximum span and fixing types for strutting beams for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.9 - Outriggers - SG 8
Table 10.10 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.11 - Purlins on their edge in all wind zones - SG 8
Table 10.12 - Tile battens for all wind zones
Table 10.13 - Spacing of fixings for dummy rafters for sarked roofs
Table 10.14 - Fixing types of roof trusses at supports for all wind zones
Table 10.15 - Key to fixing types and capacity for rafters, roof trusses, underpurlins, ridge beams
Table 10.16 - Summary of roof bracing systems
Table 10.17 - Roof space diagonal braces
Table 10.18 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Table A10.1 - Rafters for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.1 - Rafters for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.2 - Ridge beams for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.2 - Ridge beams for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.3 - Ceiling joists - SG 6
Table A10.3 - Ceiling joists - SG 10
Table A10.4 - Ceiling runners - SG 6
Table A10.4 - Ceiling runners - SG 10
Table A10.5 - Underpurlins for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.5 - Underpurlins for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.7 - Maximum span and fixing types for strutting beams for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.7 - Maximum span and fixing types for strutting beams for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.10 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.10 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones - SG 10
Table A10.11 - Purlins on their edge in all wind zones - SG 6
Table A10.11 - Purlins on their edge in all wind zones - SG 10
Figure
Figure 10.1 – Roof framing members, couple-close roof
Figure 10.2 – Jointing hip rafters and ridge boards
Figure 10.3 – Rafter spans
Figure 10.4 – Seating of rafters
Figure 10.5 – Rafter to ridge beam connections
Figure 10.6 – Rafter to top plate connections
Figure 10.7 – Fixing rafters – Skillion roof
Figure 10.8 – Example of fixing ridge beam to wall
Figure 10.9 – Joints in ceiling joists
Figure 10.10 – Ceiling runners
Figure 10.11 – Underpurlin struts – Single
Figure 10.12 – Underpurlin struts – Paired
Figure 10.13 – Strutting beams
Figure 10.14 – Collar ties and underpurlins – Roof pitches greater than 10o
Figure 10.15 – Fixing cleats
Figure 10.16 – Gable verge framing
Figure 10.16(a) – Fly rafter/outrigger orientation
Figure 10.17 – Solid blocking for purlins
Figure 10.18 – Purlins fixed directly to rafters
Figure 10.19 – Fixing purlins and dummy rafters to skillion roofs
Figure 10.20 – Fixing purlins and dummy rafters to sarked roofs
Figure 10.21 – Truss/top plate connections
Figure 10.22 – Roof plane diagonal brace – Timber
Figure 10.23 – Roof space diagonal brace – Alternative fixings
Figure 10.24 – Sheet sarked roof
SECTION 11 - BUILDING ENVELOPE - ROOF AND WALL CLADDINGS
11.1 Weathertightness
SECTION 12 - INTERIOR LININGS
12.1 General
SECTION 13 - CEILINGS
13.1 Ceiling linings
13.2 Ceiling lining supports
13.3 Openings in ceilings
13.4 Water tanks in the roof space
13.5 Structural ceiling diaphragms
13.6 Nailing schedule for ceilings
Table
Table 13.1 - Ceiling battens
Table 13.2 - Thickness of trimmers and trimming joists
Table 13.3 - Nailing schedule for hand-driven and power-driven nails
Figure
Figure 13.1 – Ceiling lining supports
Figure 13.2 – Openings in ceilings
Figure 13.3 – Support of water tanks in the roof space
Figure 13.3(a) – Ceiling diaphragm protrusions and cut-outs
Figure 13.4 – Ceiling diaphragms
SECTION 14 - REQUIREMENTS FOR 3 kPa FLOOR LOADS
14.1 General
14.2 Concrete slab-on-ground
APPENDIX A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 14.1 - Bracing demand for various cladding combinations for single-storey buildings on subfloo
Table 14.2 - Bracing demand for various cladding combinations for two-storey buildings on subfloor f
Table 14.3 - Bracing demand for various cladding combinations for single-storey and two-storey build
Table 14.4 - Bearers, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.5 - Subfloor jack studs, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.6 - Square pile footings for 3 kPa floor loads
Table 14.7 - Spacing of M12 bolts supporting stringers for 3 kPa floor loads
Table 14.8 - Floor joists for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.9 - Strip flooring for 3 kPa floor loads
Table 14.10 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.11 - Reference table for lintel load cases
Table 14.12 - Lintel supporting roof, wall and floor for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.13 - Lintel supporting wall and floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.14 - Lintel supporting floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.15 - Top and bottom plates for loadbearing walls, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 8
Table 14.16 - Structural plywood flooring
Table A14.4 - Bearers, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.4 - Bearers, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.5 - Subfloor jack studs, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.5 - Subfloor jack studs, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.8 - Floor joists for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.8 - Floor joists for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.10 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.10 - Studs in loadbearing walls for all wind zones for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.12 - Lintels supporting roof, wall and floor for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.12 - Lintels supporting roof, wall and floor for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.13 - Lintels supporting wall and floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.13 - Lintels supporting wall and floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.14 - Lintels supporting floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.14 - Lintels supporting floor only for 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
Table A14.15 - Top and bottom plates for loadbearing walls, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 6
Table A14.15 - Top and bottom plates for loadbearing walls, 3 kPa floor loads - SG 10
SECTION 15 - 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa SNOW LOADING
15.1 General
15.2 Snow loading
15.3 Roof abutting an upper wall
Appendix A - SG 6 and SG 10 tables
Table
Table 15.1 - Reference table for lintel load cases
Table 15.2 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.3 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.4 - Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG
Table 15.5 - Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall in all wind zones for 3 kPa floor load and up to
Table 15.6 - Rafters for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.7 - Ridge beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.9 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table 15.10 - Purlins on their edge for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 8
Table A15.2 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.2 - Lintel supporting roof only for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.3 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.3 - Lintel supporting roof and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.4 – Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load – SG 6
Table A15.4 - Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG10
Table A15.5 – Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall in all wind zones for 3 kPa floor load and up
Table A15.5 – Lintel supporting roof, floor and wall in all wind zones for 3 kPa floor load and up t
Table A15.6 - Rafters for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.6 - Rafters for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.7 - Ridge beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.7 - Ridge beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.8 - Verandah beams for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.9 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.9 - Purlins on their flat in all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Table A15.10 - Purlins on their edge for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 6
Table A15.10 - Purlins on their edge for all wind zones up to 1.5 kPa snow load - SG 10
Figure
Figure 15.1 – Snow zones
Figure 15.2 – Roof abutting upper wall
SECTION 16 - COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION LINTEL TABLES
16.1 Plywood box beam lintels
16.2 Glue-laminated timber lintels
Table
Table 16.1 - Plywood box beam lintels supporting roof only
Table 16.2 - Glue-laminated timber lintel equivalents to plywood box beam lintels in table 16.1
Figure
Figure 16.1 – Built-up plywood box beam lintel – Vertical section
Figure 16.2 – Built-up plywood box beam lintel – Elevation and longitudinal section
SECTION 17 - EXPANSIVE SOILS
17.1 General
17.2 Building sites
17.3 Foundations
17.4 Reinforcement
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z