NZS 3404 Parts 1 and 2:1997
Steel Structures Standard
NZS 3404 Part 1 is used by structural engineers to design steel structures. It sets out minimum requirements for the design, fabrication, erection and modification of steelwork in structures in accordance with the limit state design method or in accordance with the alternative design method. When read along with Verification Method B1/VM1, it provides a means of complying with the performance requirements of New Zealand Building Code clause B1 Structure. Part 2 is a commentary which provides background to the content of Part 1, and explains how certain requirements originated, how they change previous practice, and how certain clauses apply.
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CONTENTS
COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
© COPYRIGHT
AMENDMENTS
FOREWORD TO THE 1992 EDITION
FOREWORD TO THE 1997 EDITION
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.4 NOTATION
1.5 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
1.6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REVIEW
2 MATERIALS AND BRITTLE FRACTURE
2.1 YIELD STRESS AND TENSILE STRENGTH USED IN DESIGN
2.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL
2.3 FASTENERS
2.4 STEEL CASTINGS
2.5 CONCRETE
2.6 MATERIAL SELECTION TO SUPPRESS BRITTLE FRACTURE
3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
3.1 DESIGN
3.2 LOADS AND OTHER EFFECTS
3.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
3.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE
3.5 ULTIMATE AND SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES BY LOAD TESTING
3.6 BRITTLE FRACTURE
3.7 FATIGUE
3.8 FIRE
3.9 EARTHQUAKE
4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
4.1 METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
4.2 STRUCTURAL FORM
4.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS FOR ANALYSIS
4.4 ELASTIC ANALYSIS
4.5 ELASTIC ANALYSIS WITH MOMENT OR SHEAR REDISTRIBUTION
4.6 PLASTIC ANALYSIS
4.7 LIMITS ON PLASTIC HINGE ROTATION IN YIELDING REGIONS OFMEMBERS
4.8 MEMBER BUCKLING ANALYSIS
4.9 FRAME BUCKLING ANALYSIS
5 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING AND SHEAR
5.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT
5.2 NOMINAL SECTION MOMENT CAPACITY FOR BENDING ABOUT APRINCIPAL AXIS
5.3 NOMINAL MEMBER MOMENT CAPACITY OF SEGMENTS ANDMEMBERS SUBJECT TO MAJOR PRINCIPAL X-AXIS BENDING ANDWITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
5.4 RESTRAINTS
5.5 CRITICAL FLANGE
5.6 NOMINAL MEMBER MOMENT CAPACITY OF SEGMENTS SUBJECTTO X-AXIS BENDING AND WITH OR WITHOUT FULL LATERALRESTRAINT
5.7 BENDING IN A NON-PRINCIPAL PLANE
5.8 SEPARATORS AND DIAPHRAGMS
5.9 DESIGN OF WEBS
5.10 ARRANGEMENT OF WEBS
5.11 NOMINAL SHEAR CAPACITY OF WEBS
5.12 INTERACTION OF SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT
5.14 DESIGN OF LOAD BEARING STIFFENERS
5.15 DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE TRANSVERSE WEB STIFFENERS
5.16 DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL WEB STIFFENERS
6 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL COMPRESSION
6.1 DESIGN FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION
6.2 NOMINAL SECTION CAPACITY
6.3 NOMINAL MEMBER CAPACITY
6.4 LACED AND BATTENED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
6.5 COMPRESSION MEMBERS BACK TO BACK
6.6 DISCONTINUOUS ANGLE, CHANNEL AND TEE SECTIONCOMPRESSION MEMBERS NOT REQUIRING DESIGN FOR MOMENTACTION
6.7 RESTRAINING ELEMENTS
7 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL TENSION
7.1 DESIGN FOR AXIAL TENSION
7.2 NOMINAL SECTION CAPACITY
7.3 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES
7.4 TENSION MEMBERS WITH 2 OR MORE MAIN COMPONENTS
7.5 MEMBERS WITH PIN CONNECTIONS
8 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED ACTIONS
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 DESIGN ACTIONS
8.3 SECTION CAPACITY
8.4 MEMBER CAPACITY
9 CONNECTIONS
9.1 GENERAL
9.2 DEFINITIONS
9.3 DESIGN OF BOLTS
9.4 ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH OF A BOLT GROUP
9.5 DESIGN OF A PIN CONNECTION
9.6 DESIGN DETAILS FOR BOLTS AND PINS
9.7 DESIGN OF WELDS
9.8 ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH OF A FILLET WELD GROUP
9.9 PACKING IN CONSTRUCTION
10 FATIGUE
10.1 GENERAL
10.2 FATIGUE LOADING
10.3 DESIGN SPECTRUM
10.4 EXEMPTION FROM ASSESSMENT
10.5 DETAIL CATEGORY
10.6 FATIGUE STRENGTH
10.7 EXEMPTION FROM FURTHER ASSESSMENT
10.8 FATIGUE ASSESSMENT
10.9 PUNCHING LIMITATION
11 FIRE
11.1 REQUIREMENTS
11.2 DEFINITIONS
11.3 DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY
11.4 VARIATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL WITHTEMPERATURE
11.5 DETERMINATION OF LIMITING STEEL TEMPERATURE
11.6 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH THE LIMITING TEMPERATUREIS ATTAINED FOR UNPROTECTED MEMBERS
11.7 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH THE LIMITING TEMPERATUREIS ATTAINED FOR PROTECTED MEMBERS
11.8 DETERMINATION OF PSA FROM A SINGLE TEST
11.9 THREE-SIDED FIRE EXPOSURE CONDITION
11.10 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
12 SEISMIC DESIGN
12.1 DEFINITIONS
12.2 GENERAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PHILOSOPHY
12.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
12.4 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
12.5 SECTION GEOMETRY REQUIREMENTS
12.6 MEMBER RESTRAINT
12.7 BEAMS
12.8 COLUMNS
12.9 CONNECTIONS AND BUILT-UP MEMBERS
12.10 DESIGN OF MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMED SEISMIC-RESISTINGSYSTEMS
12.11 DESIGN OF ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMED SEISMICRESISTINGSYSTEMS
12.12 DESIGN OF CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMED SEISMICRESISTINGSYSTEMS
12.13 DUAL SEISMIC-RESISTING SYSTEMS
12.14 FABRICATION IN YIELDING REGIONS
13 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS AND STRUCTURES
13.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL INTRODUCTION
13.2 COMPOSITE SLAB DESIGN
13.3 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STEEL AND CONCRETE FORCOMPOSITE ACTION
13.4 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH SHEAR CONNECTORS
13.5 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS WITHOUT SHEAR CONNECTORS
13.6 SHEAR STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE BEAMS
13.7 END CONNECTIONS TO COMPOSITE BEAMS
13.8 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE COLUMNS
14 FABRICATION
14.1 REJECTION OF A FABRICATED ITEM
14.2 MATERIAL
14.3 FABRICATION PROCEDURES
14.4 TOLERANCES
15 ERECTION
15.1 GENERAL
15.2 ERECTION PROCEDURES
15.3 TOLERANCES
15.4 INSPECTION OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS
15.5 GROUTING AT SUPPORTS
16 MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
16.1 GENERAL
16.2 MATERIALS
16.3 CLEANING
16.4 SPECIAL PROVISIONS
17 TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR ELEMENTS
17.1 GENERAL
17.2 DEFINITIONS
17.3 TEST REQUIREMENTS
17.4 PROOF TESTING
17.5 PROTOTYPE TESTING
17.6 REPORTING OF TESTS
APPENDICES TO NZS 3404:PART 1:1997
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
APPENDIX A REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B MAXIMUM LEVELS OF DUCTILITY DEMAND ONSTRUCTURAL STEEL SEISMIC-RESISTING SYSTEMS
APPENDIX C CORROSION PROTECTION
APPENDIX D INSPECTION OF WELDING TO AS/NZS 1554.1
APPENDIX E SECOND-ORDER ELASTIC ANALYSIS
APPENDIX F MOMENT AMPLIFICATION FOR A SWAY MEMBER
APPENDIX G BRACED MEMBER BUCKLING IN FRAMES
APPENDIX H ELASTIC RESISTANCE TO LATERAL BUCKLING
APPENDIX J STRENGTH OF STIFFENED WEB PANELS UNDERCOMBINED ACTIONS
APPENDIX K STANDARD TEST FOR EVALUATION OF SLIP FACTOR
APPENDIX LI NSPECTION OF BOLT TENSION USING A TORQUEWRENCH
APPENDIX N SECTION PROPERTIES TO USE IN ULTIMATE ANDSERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CALCULATIONS FORDEFLECTION
APPENDIX P ALTERNATIVE DESIGN METHOD
APPENDIX Q CORRESPONDING DETAIL FROM AS 4100
INDEX
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References
Structural steel welding - Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels
Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools - Selection, operation and maintenance
Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools - Design and construction
Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools - Charges
Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools - Fasteners
Welding - Electrodes - Gas metal arc - Ferritic steel electrodes
Specification for concrete production - High grade and special grade
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Toxic, Corrosive and Ecotoxic Liquids Tank Wagons HSNOCOP 39 - Revoked
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Citation context:Design Actions: The tank, its supports and connections shall be designed in accordance with NZS 3404:1997, or...
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Ministry: Environmental Protection Authority
Section: 2.9.5
Citation context:Fatigue of the tank wagon chassis mountings shall be included in the design of the tank wagon (i.e. by reducing areas of stress concentration) in accordance with the provisions of Section 10 of NZS 3404: Part 1 or similar standard.
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Citation context:NZ3404.1 and 2 Steel Structures Standard
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Section: 2.3.1.6
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Code of Practice for Flammable Liquids Tank Wagons HSNOCOP 6-1 - Revoked
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Citation context:Refers to 3404.1&2:1997(NZS)A2. A limit state or alternative method of design shall be used in accordance with NZS 3404:1997 Steel Structures Standard.
HSNOCOP 6 Flammable Liquids Tank Wagons - Revoked
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Section: 2.9.5
Citation context:Fatigue of the tank wagon chassis mountings shall be included in the design of the tank wagon (i.e. by reducing areas of stress concentration) in accordance with the provisions of Section 10 of NZS 3404:1997 Part 1 or similar standard.
A Code of Practice for the design and construction of vehicles for the bulk transportation of Class 6 toxic, Class 8 corrosive and Class 9 ecotoxic liquids by road HSNOCOP 39 - Revoked
Ministry: Environmental Protection Authority
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A Code of Practice for the design and construction of vehicles for the bulk transportation of Class 6 toxic, Class 8 corrosive and Class 9 ecotoxic liquids by road HSNOCOP 39 - Revoked
Ministry: Environmental Protection Authority
Section: 2.3.9
Citation context:A limit state or alternative method of design shall be used in accordance with NZS 3404:1997 Steel Structures Standard.
A Code of Practice for the design and construction of vehicles for the bulk transportation of Class 6 toxic, Class 8 corrosive and Class 9 ecotoxic liquids by road HSNOCOP 39 - Revoked
Ministry: Environmental Protection Authority
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Toxic, Corrosive and Ecotoxic Liquids Tank Wagons HSNOCOP 39 - Revoked
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CONTENTS
COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
© COPYRIGHT
AMENDMENTS
FOREWORD TO THE 1992 EDITION
FOREWORD TO THE 1997 EDITION
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.4 NOTATION
1.5 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
1.6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REVIEW
2 MATERIALS AND BRITTLE FRACTURE
2.1 YIELD STRESS AND TENSILE STRENGTH USED IN DESIGN
2.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL
2.3 FASTENERS
2.4 STEEL CASTINGS
2.5 CONCRETE
2.6 MATERIAL SELECTION TO SUPPRESS BRITTLE FRACTURE
3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
3.1 DESIGN
3.2 LOADS AND OTHER EFFECTS
3.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
3.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE
3.5 ULTIMATE AND SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES BY LOAD TESTING
3.6 BRITTLE FRACTURE
3.7 FATIGUE
3.8 FIRE
3.9 EARTHQUAKE
4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
4.1 METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
4.2 STRUCTURAL FORM
4.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS FOR ANALYSIS
4.4 ELASTIC ANALYSIS
4.5 ELASTIC ANALYSIS WITH MOMENT OR SHEAR REDISTRIBUTION
4.6 PLASTIC ANALYSIS
4.7 LIMITS ON PLASTIC HINGE ROTATION IN YIELDING REGIONS OFMEMBERS
4.8 MEMBER BUCKLING ANALYSIS
4.9 FRAME BUCKLING ANALYSIS
5 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING AND SHEAR
5.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT
5.2 NOMINAL SECTION MOMENT CAPACITY FOR BENDING ABOUT APRINCIPAL AXIS
5.3 NOMINAL MEMBER MOMENT CAPACITY OF SEGMENTS ANDMEMBERS SUBJECT TO MAJOR PRINCIPAL X-AXIS BENDING ANDWITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
5.4 RESTRAINTS
5.5 CRITICAL FLANGE
5.6 NOMINAL MEMBER MOMENT CAPACITY OF SEGMENTS SUBJECTTO X-AXIS BENDING AND WITH OR WITHOUT FULL LATERALRESTRAINT
5.7 BENDING IN A NON-PRINCIPAL PLANE
5.8 SEPARATORS AND DIAPHRAGMS
5.9 DESIGN OF WEBS
5.10 ARRANGEMENT OF WEBS
5.11 NOMINAL SHEAR CAPACITY OF WEBS
5.12 INTERACTION OF SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT
5.14 DESIGN OF LOAD BEARING STIFFENERS
5.15 DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE TRANSVERSE WEB STIFFENERS
5.16 DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL WEB STIFFENERS
6 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL COMPRESSION
6.1 DESIGN FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION
6.2 NOMINAL SECTION CAPACITY
6.3 NOMINAL MEMBER CAPACITY
6.4 LACED AND BATTENED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
6.5 COMPRESSION MEMBERS BACK TO BACK
6.6 DISCONTINUOUS ANGLE, CHANNEL AND TEE SECTIONCOMPRESSION MEMBERS NOT REQUIRING DESIGN FOR MOMENTACTION
6.7 RESTRAINING ELEMENTS
7 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL TENSION
7.1 DESIGN FOR AXIAL TENSION
7.2 NOMINAL SECTION CAPACITY
7.3 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES
7.4 TENSION MEMBERS WITH 2 OR MORE MAIN COMPONENTS
7.5 MEMBERS WITH PIN CONNECTIONS
8 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED ACTIONS
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 DESIGN ACTIONS
8.3 SECTION CAPACITY
8.4 MEMBER CAPACITY
9 CONNECTIONS
9.1 GENERAL
9.2 DEFINITIONS
9.3 DESIGN OF BOLTS
9.4 ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH OF A BOLT GROUP
9.5 DESIGN OF A PIN CONNECTION
9.6 DESIGN DETAILS FOR BOLTS AND PINS
9.7 DESIGN OF WELDS
9.8 ASSESSMENT OF THE STRENGTH OF A FILLET WELD GROUP
9.9 PACKING IN CONSTRUCTION
10 FATIGUE
10.1 GENERAL
10.2 FATIGUE LOADING
10.3 DESIGN SPECTRUM
10.4 EXEMPTION FROM ASSESSMENT
10.5 DETAIL CATEGORY
10.6 FATIGUE STRENGTH
10.7 EXEMPTION FROM FURTHER ASSESSMENT
10.8 FATIGUE ASSESSMENT
10.9 PUNCHING LIMITATION
11 FIRE
11.1 REQUIREMENTS
11.2 DEFINITIONS
11.3 DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY
11.4 VARIATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL WITHTEMPERATURE
11.5 DETERMINATION OF LIMITING STEEL TEMPERATURE
11.6 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH THE LIMITING TEMPERATUREIS ATTAINED FOR UNPROTECTED MEMBERS
11.7 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH THE LIMITING TEMPERATUREIS ATTAINED FOR PROTECTED MEMBERS
11.8 DETERMINATION OF PSA FROM A SINGLE TEST
11.9 THREE-SIDED FIRE EXPOSURE CONDITION
11.10 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
12 SEISMIC DESIGN
12.1 DEFINITIONS
12.2 GENERAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PHILOSOPHY
12.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
12.4 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
12.5 SECTION GEOMETRY REQUIREMENTS
12.6 MEMBER RESTRAINT
12.7 BEAMS
12.8 COLUMNS
12.9 CONNECTIONS AND BUILT-UP MEMBERS
12.10 DESIGN OF MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMED SEISMIC-RESISTINGSYSTEMS
12.11 DESIGN OF ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMED SEISMICRESISTINGSYSTEMS
12.12 DESIGN OF CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMED SEISMICRESISTINGSYSTEMS
12.13 DUAL SEISMIC-RESISTING SYSTEMS
12.14 FABRICATION IN YIELDING REGIONS
13 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS AND STRUCTURES
13.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL INTRODUCTION
13.2 COMPOSITE SLAB DESIGN
13.3 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STEEL AND CONCRETE FORCOMPOSITE ACTION
13.4 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH SHEAR CONNECTORS
13.5 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS WITHOUT SHEAR CONNECTORS
13.6 SHEAR STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE BEAMS
13.7 END CONNECTIONS TO COMPOSITE BEAMS
13.8 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE COLUMNS
14 FABRICATION
14.1 REJECTION OF A FABRICATED ITEM
14.2 MATERIAL
14.3 FABRICATION PROCEDURES
14.4 TOLERANCES
15 ERECTION
15.1 GENERAL
15.2 ERECTION PROCEDURES
15.3 TOLERANCES
15.4 INSPECTION OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS
15.5 GROUTING AT SUPPORTS
16 MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
16.1 GENERAL
16.2 MATERIALS
16.3 CLEANING
16.4 SPECIAL PROVISIONS
17 TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR ELEMENTS
17.1 GENERAL
17.2 DEFINITIONS
17.3 TEST REQUIREMENTS
17.4 PROOF TESTING
17.5 PROTOTYPE TESTING
17.6 REPORTING OF TESTS
APPENDICES TO NZS 3404:PART 1:1997
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
APPENDIX A REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B MAXIMUM LEVELS OF DUCTILITY DEMAND ONSTRUCTURAL STEEL SEISMIC-RESISTING SYSTEMS
APPENDIX C CORROSION PROTECTION
APPENDIX D INSPECTION OF WELDING TO AS/NZS 1554.1
APPENDIX E SECOND-ORDER ELASTIC ANALYSIS
APPENDIX F MOMENT AMPLIFICATION FOR A SWAY MEMBER
APPENDIX G BRACED MEMBER BUCKLING IN FRAMES
APPENDIX H ELASTIC RESISTANCE TO LATERAL BUCKLING
APPENDIX J STRENGTH OF STIFFENED WEB PANELS UNDERCOMBINED ACTIONS
APPENDIX K STANDARD TEST FOR EVALUATION OF SLIP FACTOR
APPENDIX LI NSPECTION OF BOLT TENSION USING A TORQUEWRENCH
APPENDIX N SECTION PROPERTIES TO USE IN ULTIMATE ANDSERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CALCULATIONS FORDEFLECTION
APPENDIX P ALTERNATIVE DESIGN METHOD
APPENDIX Q CORRESPONDING DETAIL FROM AS 4100
INDEX
- B1
Previous versions
NZS 3404 Parts 1 and 2:1997
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