ISO 23331:2021
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for total electrical conductivity of conductive fine ceramics
This document specifies the test method for the determination of total electrical conductivity of conductive fine ceramics by the DC (direct current) four-terminal method. The test method applies to conductive fine ceramics which have an ionic transference number of 0,01 or less. The applicable conductivity range is from 1 S cm−1 to 1 000 S cm−1 and the temperature range is up to 1 000 °C. The values expressed in the test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).
This document is intended for industrial product quality control and material development of conductive fine ceramics used in electrodes, e.g. fuel cells, batteries and water electrolysis.
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Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Principle
6 Apparatus
6.1 Measurement system
6.2 Furnace
6.3 Voltmeter
6.4 Constant direct current (DC) supply
6.5 Wire electrodes and lead wires
6.6 Caliper
6.7 Micrometer
7 Test piece
7.1 Shape and dimensions
7.2 Surface roughness
7.3 Density
7.4 Configuration of four wire electrodes
7.5 Number of test pieces
8 Test procedure
8.1 Dimension measurement of a test piece
8.2 Heating of a test piece
8.3 Maintenance of gas composition and gas flow rate
8.4 Measurement of total electrical conductivity
9 Calculation of total electrical conductivity
10 Expression of total electrical conductivity
10.1 The value of total electrical conductivity
10.2 The expression of total electrical conductivity
11 Analysis of precision and uncertainty
12 Test report
Bibliography
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Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Principle
6 Apparatus
6.1 Measurement system
6.2 Furnace
6.3 Voltmeter
6.4 Constant direct current (DC) supply
6.5 Wire electrodes and lead wires
6.6 Caliper
6.7 Micrometer
7 Test piece
7.1 Shape and dimensions
7.2 Surface roughness
7.3 Density
7.4 Configuration of four wire electrodes
7.5 Number of test pieces
8 Test procedure
8.1 Dimension measurement of a test piece
8.2 Heating of a test piece
8.3 Maintenance of gas composition and gas flow rate
8.4 Measurement of total electrical conductivity
9 Calculation of total electrical conductivity
10 Expression of total electrical conductivity
10.1 The value of total electrical conductivity
10.2 The expression of total electrical conductivity
11 Analysis of precision and uncertainty
12 Test report
Bibliography