ISO 22156:2021
Bamboo structures — Bamboo culms — Structural design
This document applies to the design of bamboo structures whose primary load bearing structure is made of round bamboo or shear panel systems in which the framing members are made from round bamboo.
Except as indicated in Clause 12, this document applies to one- and two-storey residential, small commercial or institutional and light industrial buildings not exceeding 7 m in height.
This document is concerned only with requirements for mechanical resistance, serviceability and durability of bamboo structures.
This document permits an allowable load-bearing capacity design (ACD) and/or allowable stress design (ASD) approach for the design of bamboo structures. Allowable load-bearing capacity and allowable stress approaches may be used in combination in the same structure.
This document additionally recognises design approaches based on partial safety factor design (PSFD) and/or load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methods (5.11.1), previous established experience (5.11.2), or documented ‘design by testing’ approaches (5.11.3).
Other requirements, such as those concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered. Bamboo structures may require consideration of additional requirements beyond the scope of this document. Execution is covered to the extent that it impacts the quality of construction materials and products required to comply with the design requirements contained herein.
This document provides a number of modification factors, designated Ci. These are empirically derived factors, based on best available engineering judgement, that are believed to be universally applicable to bamboo materials that are appropriate for building construction. Parameters affecting bamboo material performance are many and are addressed explicitly through the use of experimentally determined characteristic values of strength and stiffness. Annex A provides a summary of the bases upon which the provisions of this document were developed.
This document does not apply to
— structures made of engineered bamboo products such as glue-laminated bamboo, cross-laminated bamboo, oriented strand, or densified bamboo materials,
— bamboo-reinforced materials where bamboo is not the primary load-bearing constituent. This includes bamboo-reinforced concrete, masonry and soil, or,
— scaffold structures constructed with bamboo.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Basic requirements of design
5.1 General
5.2 Design methodology
5.3 Susceptibility to splitting
5.4 Redundancy
5.4.1 Non-redundant structural members
5.4.2 Redundant structural members
5.5 Serviceability considerations
5.6 Service classes
5.6.1 Service class 1
5.6.2 Service class 2
5.6.3 Service class 3
5.7 Durability
5.7.1 Use classes
5.7.2 Resistance to corrosion of metallic elements
5.8 Effects of elevated temperature
5.9 Maintenance, inspectability and replacement considerations
5.10 Seismic force reduction factor for bamboo structures
5.11 Alternate design methodologies
5.11.1 Partial safety factor design (PSFD) or load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methodology
5.11.2 Experience from Previous Generations
5.11.3 Design by testing
6 Member component and material properties
6.1 General
6.2 Characteristic material and component properties
6.3 Allowable member design capacity
6.4 Allowable design strength
6.4.1 Culm geometry for use with allowable design strength
6.5 Component flexural stiffness
6.6 Modulus of elasticity
7 Structural modelling bamboo structures
8 Flexural members (beams)
8.1 General
8.2 Multiple culm flexural members
8.2.1 Bracing requirements for multiple culm flexural members
8.3 Flexural member capacity
8.3.1 Flexural capacity determined from component capacity
8.3.2 Flexural capacity determined from bending strength
8.4 Calculation of deflection
8.4.1 Flexural stiffness determined from component properties
8.4.2 Flexural stiffness determined from material and geometric properties
8.4.3 Long term deflections
9 Axial load carrying members
9.1 General
9.2 Compression member effective length
9.2.1 Lateral restraint of compression members
9.3 Compression capacity
9.3.1 Compression capacity from geometric and material properties
9.3.2 Crushing capacity
9.3.3 Buckling capacity
9.4 Tension capacity
9.4.1 Tension capacity from component capacity
9.4.2 Tension capacity from geometric and material properties
9.5 Combined axial and flexural loads
10 Joints and splices
10.1 General
10.2 Design properties by complete joint testing
10.3 Design properties by component capacities
10.4 Allowable joint design capacity
10.5 Joint stiffness
10.6 Ductility of joints
10.7 Robustness against culm splitting
10.7.1 Radial clamping to resist splitting
10.8 Splices joints
10.9 Requirements for non-bamboo components of joints
10.9.1 Metallic components of joints
10.9.2 Joints utilising flowable infill material (grouted joints)
10.9.3 Lashing
10.9.4 Mechanical and proprietary joint systems
10.10 End bearing capacity of bamboo culms
10.11 Circumferential bearing capacity of bamboo culms
10.12 Joints having through culm wall dowels
10.12.1 Capacity of single dowel
10.12.2 Requirements for dowels
10.12.3 Tension forces on dowel joints
11 Trusses
12 Shear panels (walls)
12.1 General
12.1.1 Openings in panels
12.2 Loads
12.2.1 Out-of-plane loads
12.2.2 In-plane loads
12.2.3 Gravity loads
12.3 Determination of design strengths
13 Fire resistance
14 Structural grading
15 Quality assessment and control
Annex A (informative) Bases of provisions in this document
Annex B (informative) Durability and preservation recommendations
Annex C (informative) Examples of seismic and alternative design factors
Annex D (informative) Examples and classification of bamboo connections and joints
Annex E (informative) Design of LCBF components to satisfy requirements of 12
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Basic requirements of design
5.1 General
5.2 Design methodology
5.3 Susceptibility to splitting
5.4 Redundancy
5.4.1 Non-redundant structural members
5.4.2 Redundant structural members
5.5 Serviceability considerations
5.6 Service classes
5.6.1 Service class 1
5.6.2 Service class 2
5.6.3 Service class 3
5.7 Durability
5.7.1 Use classes
5.7.2 Resistance to corrosion of metallic elements
5.8 Effects of elevated temperature
5.9 Maintenance, inspectability and replacement considerations
5.10 Seismic force reduction factor for bamboo structures
5.11 Alternate design methodologies
5.11.1 Partial safety factor design (PSFD) or load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methodology
5.11.2 Experience from Previous Generations
5.11.3 Design by testing
6 Member component and material properties
6.1 General
6.2 Characteristic material and component properties
6.3 Allowable member design capacity
6.4 Allowable design strength
6.4.1 Culm geometry for use with allowable design strength
6.5 Component flexural stiffness
6.6 Modulus of elasticity
7 Structural modelling bamboo structures
8 Flexural members (beams)
8.1 General
8.2 Multiple culm flexural members
8.2.1 Bracing requirements for multiple culm flexural members
8.3 Flexural member capacity
8.3.1 Flexural capacity determined from component capacity
8.3.2 Flexural capacity determined from bending strength
8.4 Calculation of deflection
8.4.1 Flexural stiffness determined from component properties
8.4.2 Flexural stiffness determined from material and geometric properties
8.4.3 Long term deflections
9 Axial load carrying members
9.1 General
9.2 Compression member effective length
9.2.1 Lateral restraint of compression members
9.3 Compression capacity
9.3.1 Compression capacity from geometric and material properties
9.3.2 Crushing capacity
9.3.3 Buckling capacity
9.4 Tension capacity
9.4.1 Tension capacity from component capacity
9.4.2 Tension capacity from geometric and material properties
9.5 Combined axial and flexural loads
10 Joints and splices
10.1 General
10.2 Design properties by complete joint testing
10.3 Design properties by component capacities
10.4 Allowable joint design capacity
10.5 Joint stiffness
10.6 Ductility of joints
10.7 Robustness against culm splitting
10.7.1 Radial clamping to resist splitting
10.8 Splices joints
10.9 Requirements for non-bamboo components of joints
10.9.1 Metallic components of joints
10.9.2 Joints utilising flowable infill material (grouted joints)
10.9.3 Lashing
10.9.4 Mechanical and proprietary joint systems
10.10 End bearing capacity of bamboo culms
10.11 Circumferential bearing capacity of bamboo culms
10.12 Joints having through culm wall dowels
10.12.1 Capacity of single dowel
10.12.2 Requirements for dowels
10.12.3 Tension forces on dowel joints
11 Trusses
12 Shear panels (walls)
12.1 General
12.1.1 Openings in panels
12.2 Loads
12.2.1 Out-of-plane loads
12.2.2 In-plane loads
12.2.3 Gravity loads
12.3 Determination of design strengths
13 Fire resistance
14 Structural grading
15 Quality assessment and control
Annex A (informative) Bases of provisions in this document
Annex B (informative) Durability and preservation recommendations
Annex C (informative) Examples of seismic and alternative design factors
Annex D (informative) Examples and classification of bamboo connections and joints
Annex E (informative) Design of LCBF components to satisfy requirements of 12
Bibliography