ISO 16378:2022
Space systems — Measurements of thermo-optical properties of thermal control materials
This document specifies the multiple measurement methods, instruments, equipment, and samples used to calculate the thermo-optical properties of thermal control materials. This document compares their features, indicates their limitations and biases, and guides the applications. This document also defines requirements for calibration and reference materials to ensure data quality.
This document specifies the following test methods, including the configuration of samples and calculations.
a) Solar absorptance using a spectrophotometer (αs) — Annex A.
b) Solar absorptance using the comparative test method (αp) — Annex B.
c) Hemispherical infrared emittance using the thermal test method (εh-t) — Annex C.
d) Normal infrared emittance using an IR spectrometer (εn-s) — Annex D.
e) Normal infrared emittance using ellipsoid collector optics (εn-e) — Annex E.
f) Normal infrared emittance using two rotating cavities (εn-c) — Annex F.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Preparatory conditions
5.1 Hazards, health, and safety precautions
5.2 Preparation of samples
5.2.1 Sample property
5.2.2 Configuration
5.2.3 Cleaning
5.2.4 Handling and storage
5.2.5 Identification
5.3 Facilities
5.3.1 Cleanliness
5.3.2 Environmental conditions
5.3.3 Equipment
5.4 Standard materials
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Reference standard material
5.4.3 Working standard material
5.4.4 Solar absorptance
5.4.5 Infrared emittance
6 Solar absorptance (αs) test methods
7 Hemispherical infrared emittance (εh) test method
8 Normal infrared emittance (εn) test methods
9 Test report
9.1 Standard tests
9.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested
9.1.2 Complete identification of the measurement condition
9.1.3 Measurement results
9.2 Non-standard tests
10 Quality assurance
10.1 Precision
10.2 Non-conformance
10.3 Calibration
10.4 Traceability
10.5 Uncertainty
11 Audit of measurement equipment
11.1 General
11.2 Initial audit of the system (acceptance)
11.3 Annual regular review (maintenance) of the system
11.4 Special review
Annex A (normative) Solar absorptance using a spectrophotometer (αs)
Annex B (normative) Solar absorptance using the comparative test method (αp)
Annex C (normative) Hemispherical infrared emittance using the thermal test method (εh-t)
Annex D (normative) Normal infrared emittance using an IR spectrometer (εn-s)
Annex E (normative) Normal infrared emittance using ellipsoid collector optics (εn-e)
Annex F (normative) Normal infrared emittance using two rotating cavities (εn-c)
Annex G (informative) Key parameters for measurement
Annex H (informative) Theoretical directional emissivity
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Preparatory conditions
5.1 Hazards, health, and safety precautions
5.2 Preparation of samples
5.2.1 Sample property
5.2.2 Configuration
5.2.3 Cleaning
5.2.4 Handling and storage
5.2.5 Identification
5.3 Facilities
5.3.1 Cleanliness
5.3.2 Environmental conditions
5.3.3 Equipment
5.4 Standard materials
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Reference standard material
5.4.3 Working standard material
5.4.4 Solar absorptance
5.4.5 Infrared emittance
6 Solar absorptance (αs) test methods
7 Hemispherical infrared emittance (εh) test method
8 Normal infrared emittance (εn) test methods
9 Test report
9.1 Standard tests
9.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested
9.1.2 Complete identification of the measurement condition
9.1.3 Measurement results
9.2 Non-standard tests
10 Quality assurance
10.1 Precision
10.2 Non-conformance
10.3 Calibration
10.4 Traceability
10.5 Uncertainty
11 Audit of measurement equipment
11.1 General
11.2 Initial audit of the system (acceptance)
11.3 Annual regular review (maintenance) of the system
11.4 Special review
Annex A (normative) Solar absorptance using a spectrophotometer (αs)
Annex B (normative) Solar absorptance using the comparative test method (αp)
Annex C (normative) Hemispherical infrared emittance using the thermal test method (εh-t)
Annex D (normative) Normal infrared emittance using an IR spectrometer (εn-s)
Annex E (normative) Normal infrared emittance using ellipsoid collector optics (εn-e)
Annex F (normative) Normal infrared emittance using two rotating cavities (εn-c)
Annex G (informative) Key parameters for measurement
Annex H (informative) Theoretical directional emissivity
Bibliography