ISO 13162:2021
Water quality — Carbon 14 — Test method using liquid scintillation counting
This document specifies a method for the measurement of 14C activity concentration in all types of water samples by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) either directly on the test sample or following a chemical separation.
The method is applicable to test samples of supply/drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater.
The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the sample counting time, the background count rate, the detection efficiency and the chemical recovery. The method described in this document, using currently available liquid scintillation counters and suitable technical conditions, has a detection limit as low as 1 Bq∙l−1, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq·l-1). 14C activity concentrations can be measured up to 106 Bq∙l-1 without any sample dilution.
It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for the water samples tested.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
4 Principle
5 Sampling and storage
5.1 Sampling
5.2 Sample storage
6 Reagents and equipment
6.1 Reagents
6.1.1 Reference water for the blank
6.1.2 Calibration source solution
6.1.3 Scintillation solution
6.1.4 Quenching agent
6.2 Equipment
7 Procedure
7.1 Sample preparation
7.2 Preparation of the counting vial
7.3 Counting procedure
7.4 Calibration and verification
7.5 Measurement conditions
8 Expression of results
8.1 General
8.2 Calculation of activity concentration without sample preparation
8.3 Calculation of activity concentration with sample preparation
8.4 Decision threshold
8.5 Detection limit
8.6 Limits of the coverage intervals
8.6.1 Limits of the probabilistically symmetric coverage interval
8.6.2 Limits of the shortest coverage interval
8.7 Calculations using the activity per mass
9 Test report
Annex A (informative) Extraction of total carbon by precipitation of calcium carbonate
Annex B (informative) Extraction of total carbon: absorption counting
Annex C (informative) Internal standard method
Annex D (informative) Numerical applications
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
4 Principle
5 Sampling and storage
5.1 Sampling
5.2 Sample storage
6 Reagents and equipment
6.1 Reagents
6.1.1 Reference water for the blank
6.1.2 Calibration source solution
6.1.3 Scintillation solution
6.1.4 Quenching agent
6.2 Equipment
7 Procedure
7.1 Sample preparation
7.2 Preparation of the counting vial
7.3 Counting procedure
7.4 Calibration and verification
7.5 Measurement conditions
8 Expression of results
8.1 General
8.2 Calculation of activity concentration without sample preparation
8.3 Calculation of activity concentration with sample preparation
8.4 Decision threshold
8.5 Detection limit
8.6 Limits of the coverage intervals
8.6.1 Limits of the probabilistically symmetric coverage interval
8.6.2 Limits of the shortest coverage interval
8.7 Calculations using the activity per mass
9 Test report
Annex A (informative) Extraction of total carbon by precipitation of calcium carbonate
Annex B (informative) Extraction of total carbon: absorption counting
Annex C (informative) Internal standard method
Annex D (informative) Numerical applications
Bibliography