ISO 10211:2017
Thermal bridges in building construction — Heat flows and surface temperatures — Detailed calculations
ISO 10211:2017 sets out the specifications for a three-dimensional and a two-dimensional geometrical model of a thermal bridge for the numerical calculation of
- heat flows, in order to assess the overall heat loss from a building or part of it, and
- minimum surface temperatures, in order to assess the risk of surface condensation.
These specifications include the geometrical boundaries and subdivisions of the model, the thermal boundary conditions, and the thermal values and relationships to be used.
ISO 10211:2017 is based upon the following assumptions:
- all physical properties are independent of temperature;
- there are no heat sources within the building element.
ISO 10211:2017 can also be used for the derivation of linear and point thermal transmittances and of surface temperature factors.
NOTE Table 1 in the Introduction shows the relative position of ISO 10211:2017 within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and subscripts
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Subscripts
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output
5.2 General description
6 Output data and input data
6.1 Output data
6.2 Calculation time intervals
6.3 Input data
7 Modelling of the construction
7.1 Dimension systems
7.2 Rules for modelling
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Cut-off planes for a 3-D geometrical model for calculation of total heat flow and/or surface temperatures
7.2.3 Cut-off planes for a 2-D geometrical model
7.2.4 Cut-off planes in the ground
7.2.5 Periodic heat flows via the ground
7.2.6 Adjustments to dimensions
7.2.7 Auxiliary planes
7.2.8 Quasi-homogeneous layers and materials
7.3 Conditions for simplifying the geometrical model
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Conditions for adjusting dimensions to simplify the geometrical model
7.3.3 Conditions for using quasi-homogeneous material layers to simplify the geometrical model
8 Input data specifications
8.1 General
8.2 Thermal conductivities of materials
8.3 Surface resistances
8.4 Boundary temperatures
8.5 Thermal conductivity of quasi-homogeneous layers
8.6 Equivalent thermal conductivity of air cavities
8.7 Determining the temperature in an adjacent unheated room
9 Calculation method
9.1 Solution technique
9.2 Calculation rules
9.2.1 Heat flows between material cells and adjacent environment
9.2.2 Heat flows at cut-off planes
9.2.3 Solution of the formulae
9.2.4 Calculation of the temperature distribution
10 Determination of thermal coupling coefficients and heat flow rate from 3-D calculations
10.1 Two boundary temperatures, unpartitioned model
10.2 Two boundary temperatures, partitioned model
10.3 More than two boundary temperatures
11 Calculations using linear and point thermal transmittances from 3-D calculations
11.1 Calculation of thermal coupling coefficient
11.2 Calculation of linear and point thermal transmittances
12 Determination of thermal coupling coefficient, heat flow rate and linear thermal transmittance from 2-D calculations
12.1 Two boundary temperatures
12.2 More than two boundary temperatures
12.3 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance
12.4 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance for wall/floor junctions
12.4.1 All cases
12.4.2 Option A
12.4.3 Option B
12.5 Determination of the external periodic heat transfer coefficient for ground floors
13 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface
13.1 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 3-D calculations
13.1.1 Two boundary temperatures
13.1.2 More than two boundary temperatures
13.2 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 2-D calculations
13.2.1 Two boundary temperatures
13.2.2 Three boundary temperatures
14 Report
14.1 Input data
14.2 Output data
14.2.1 General
14.2.2 Calculation of the heat transmission using the thermal coupling coefficient
14.2.3 Calculation of the surface temperatures using weighting factors
14.2.4 Additional output data
14.2.5 Estimate of error
Annex A (normative) Input and method selection data sheet — Template
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices
Annex C (normative) Validation of calculation methods
Annex D (normative) Examples of the determination of the linear and point thermal transmittances
Annex E (normative) Determination of values of thermal coupling coefficient and temperature weighting factor for more than two boundary temperatures
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and subscripts
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Subscripts
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output
5.2 General description
6 Output data and input data
6.1 Output data
6.2 Calculation time intervals
6.3 Input data
7 Modelling of the construction
7.1 Dimension systems
7.2 Rules for modelling
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Cut-off planes for a 3-D geometrical model for calculation of total heat flow and/or surface temperatures
7.2.3 Cut-off planes for a 2-D geometrical model
7.2.4 Cut-off planes in the ground
7.2.5 Periodic heat flows via the ground
7.2.6 Adjustments to dimensions
7.2.7 Auxiliary planes
7.2.8 Quasi-homogeneous layers and materials
7.3 Conditions for simplifying the geometrical model
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Conditions for adjusting dimensions to simplify the geometrical model
7.3.3 Conditions for using quasi-homogeneous material layers to simplify the geometrical model
8 Input data specifications
8.1 General
8.2 Thermal conductivities of materials
8.3 Surface resistances
8.4 Boundary temperatures
8.5 Thermal conductivity of quasi-homogeneous layers
8.6 Equivalent thermal conductivity of air cavities
8.7 Determining the temperature in an adjacent unheated room
9 Calculation method
9.1 Solution technique
9.2 Calculation rules
9.2.1 Heat flows between material cells and adjacent environment
9.2.2 Heat flows at cut-off planes
9.2.3 Solution of the formulae
9.2.4 Calculation of the temperature distribution
10 Determination of thermal coupling coefficients and heat flow rate from 3-D calculations
10.1 Two boundary temperatures, unpartitioned model
10.2 Two boundary temperatures, partitioned model
10.3 More than two boundary temperatures
11 Calculations using linear and point thermal transmittances from 3-D calculations
11.1 Calculation of thermal coupling coefficient
11.2 Calculation of linear and point thermal transmittances
12 Determination of thermal coupling coefficient, heat flow rate and linear thermal transmittance from 2-D calculations
12.1 Two boundary temperatures
12.2 More than two boundary temperatures
12.3 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance
12.4 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance for wall/floor junctions
12.4.1 All cases
12.4.2 Option A
12.4.3 Option B
12.5 Determination of the external periodic heat transfer coefficient for ground floors
13 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface
13.1 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 3-D calculations
13.1.1 Two boundary temperatures
13.1.2 More than two boundary temperatures
13.2 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 2-D calculations
13.2.1 Two boundary temperatures
13.2.2 Three boundary temperatures
14 Report
14.1 Input data
14.2 Output data
14.2.1 General
14.2.2 Calculation of the heat transmission using the thermal coupling coefficient
14.2.3 Calculation of the surface temperatures using weighting factors
14.2.4 Additional output data
14.2.5 Estimate of error
Annex A (normative) Input and method selection data sheet — Template
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices
Annex C (normative) Validation of calculation methods
Annex D (normative) Examples of the determination of the linear and point thermal transmittances
Annex E (normative) Determination of values of thermal coupling coefficient and temperature weighting factor for more than two boundary temperatures
Bibliography