AS/NZS 1170.2:2011
Structural design actions - Part 2: Wind actions
Sets out procedures for determining wind speeds and resulting wind actions to be used in the structural design of structures subjected to wind actions other than those caused by tornadoes. The Standard covers buildings less than or equal to 200 m high, structures with roof spans less than 100 m, and structures other than offshore structures, bridges and transmission towers. This revision incorporates recent research and experiences from recent severe wind events in Australia and New Zealand.
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AS/NZS 1170.2:2011 STRUCTURAL DESIGN ACTIONS - WIND ACTIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.4 DETERMINATION OF WIND ACTIONS
1.5 UNITS
1.6 DEFINITIONS
1.7 NOTATION
SECTION 2 CALCULATION OF WIND ACTIONS
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 SITE WIND SPEED
2.3 DESIGN WIND SPEED
2.4 DESIGN WIND PRESSURE AND DISTRIBUTED FORCES
2.4.1 Design wind pressures
2.4.2 Design frictional drag force per unit area
2.5 WIND ACTIONS
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Directions to be considered
2.5.3 Forces on surfaces or structural elements
2.5.4 Forces and moments on complete structures
2.5.5 Number of stress exceedences produced by wind loading
2.5.6 Performance of cladding elements sensitive to low-cycle fatigue
2.5.7 Deflections of dynamically wind-sensitive structures
2.5.8 Impact loading from windborne debris
SECTION 3 REGIONAL WIND SPEEDS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 REGIONAL WIND SPEEDS (VR)
3.3 WIND DIRECTION MULTIPLIER (Md)
3.3.1 Regions A and W
3.3.2 Regions B, C and D
3.4 FACTORS FOR REGIONS C AND D (FC, FD)
SECTION 4 SITE EXPOSURE MULTIPLIERS
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 TERRAIN/HEIGHT MULTIPLIER (Mz,cat)
4.2.1 Terrain category definitions
4.2.2 Determination of terrain/height multiplier (Mz,cat)
4.2.3 Averaging of terrain categories and terrain-height multipliers
4.3 SHIELDING MULTIPLIER (Ms)
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Buildings providing shielding
4.3.3 Shielding parameter (s)
4.4 TOPOGRAPHIC MULTIPLIER (Mt)
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Hill-shape multiplier (Mh)
4.4.3 Lee multiplier (Mlee)
SECTION 5 AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTOR
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 EVALUATION OF AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTOR
5.3 INTERNAL PRESSURE FOR ENCLOSED RECTANGULAR BUILDINGS
5.3.1 Internal pressure
5.3.2 Openings
5.3.3 Text deleted
5.3.4 Internal walls and ceilings
5.4 EXTERNAL PRESSURES FOR ENCLOSED RECTANGULAR BUILDINGS
5.4.1 External pressure coefficients (Cp,e)
5.4.2 Area reduction factor (Ka) for roofs and side walls
5.4.3 Action combination factor (Kc)
¿5.4.4 Local pressure factor (K¿) for cladding
5.4.5 Permeable cladding reduction factor (Kp) for roofs and side walls
5.5 FRICTIONAL DRAG FORCES FOR ENCLOSED BUILDINGS
SECTION 6 DYNAMIC RESPONSE FACTOR
6.1 EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE FACTOR
6.2 ALONG-WIND RESPONSE OF TALL BUILDINGS AND FREESTANDING TOWERS
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Dynamic response factor (Cdyn)
6.3 CROSSWIND RESPONSE
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Crosswind response of tall enclosed buildings and towers of rectangular cross-section
6.3.3 Crosswind response of chimneys, masts and poles of circular cross-section
6.4 COMBINATION OF ALONG-WIND AND CROSSWIND RESPONSE
APPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS
A1 Aerodynamic shape factor
A2 Annual probability of exceedence of the action
A3 Aspect ratio
A4 Awning
A5 Canopy
A6 Cladding
A7 Design wind speed
A8 Discharge coefficient
A9 Downdraft
A10 Drag
A11 Dynamic response factor
A12 Eccentricity
A13 Effective surface
A14 Elevated building
A15 Enclosed building
A16 Escarpment
A17 First mode shape
A18 First mode natural frequency
A19 Force coefficient
A20 Free roof
A21 Freestanding walls
A22 Frictional drag
A23 Gable roof
A24 Hill
A25 Hip roof
A26 Hoardings
A27 Immediate supports (cladding)
A28 Lag distance
A29 Lattice towers
A30 Lift
A31 Mansard roof
A32 Monoslope roof
A33 Obstructions
A34 Permeable
A35 Pitched roof
A36 Pressure
A37 Pressure coefficient
A38 Rectangular building
A39 Reynolds number
A40 Ridge (topographic feature)
A41 Roughness length
A42 Scruton number
A43 Shelter room
A44 Solidity (of cladding)
A45 Structural elements, major
A46 Structural elements, minor
A47 Terrain
A48 Topography
A49 Tornado
A50 Tributary area
A51 Tropical cyclone
A52 Troughed roof
A53 Turbulence intensity
APPENDIX B - NOTATION
APPENDIX C - ADDITIONAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR ENCLOSED BUILDINGS
C1 ADDITIONAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
C2 MULTI-SPAN BUILDINGS ( 60°)
C3 BUILDINGS WITH CURVED ROOFS
C4 MANSARD ROOFS
C5 CIRCULAR BINS, SILOS AND TANKS
C5.1 General
C5.2 Isolated circular bins, silos and tanks
APPENDIX D - FREESTANDING WALLS, HOARDINGS, CANOPIES AND SOLAR PANELS
D1 GENERAL
D1.1 Application
D1.2 Area reduction factor (Ka)
D1.3 Local net pressure factor (K)
D1.4 Net porosity factor (Kp)
D2 FREESTANDING HOARDINGS AND WALLS
D2.1 Aerodynamic shape factor for normal net pressure on freestanding hoardings and walls
D2.2 Aerodynamic shape factor for frictional drag
D3 FREE ROOFS AND CANOPIES
D3.1 Aerodynamic shape factor for net pressure on free roofs
D3.2 Aerodynamic shape factor for frictional drag and drag on exposed members for free roofs
D4 ATTACHED CANOPIES, AWNINGS AND CARPORTS (ROOFS)
D4.1 Aerodynamic shape factor for net pressure on attached canopies
D4.2 Aerodynamic shape factor for frictional drag and drag on exposed members of attached canopies
D5 CANTILEVERED ROOFS
D6 SOLAR PANELS
APPENDIX E - AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS FOR EXPOSED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, FRAMES AND LATTICE TOWERS
E1 GENERAL
E2 AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND FRAMES
E2.1 Simple shapes and individual members
E2.2 Single open frame
E2.3 Multiple open frames
E3 DRAG FACTORS FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND SIMPLE SECTIONS
E3.1 Rounded cylindrical shapes, sharp-edged prisms and structural sections
E3.2 Rectangular prismatic sections
E4 LATTICE TOWERS
E4.1 General
E4.2 Drag force coefficient
APPENDIX F - FLAGS AND CIRCULAR SHAPES
F1 GENERAL
F2 FLAGS
F3 CIRCULAR SHAPES
APPENDIX G - ACCELERATIONS FOR WIND-SENSITIVE STRUCTURES
G1 ACCELERATION FOR SERVICEABILITY
G2 PEAK ALONG-WIND ACCELERATION FOR SERVICEABILITY
G3 CROSSWIND ACCELERATION FOR SERVICEABILITY OF TALL BUILDINGS AND TOWERS OF RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION
G3.1 General
G3.2 Peak crosswind acceleration for serviceability
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Section: VM1, AS1
Citation context:Refers to 1170.2:2011(AS/NZS)A3.
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Section: Schedule 8, Regulation 8(4)(a)(iv)
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Section: 17.2
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AS/NZS 1170.2:2011 STRUCTURAL DESIGN ACTIONS - WIND ACTIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.4 DETERMINATION OF WIND ACTIONS
1.5 UNITS
1.6 DEFINITIONS
1.7 NOTATION
SECTION 2 CALCULATION OF WIND ACTIONS
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 SITE WIND SPEED
2.3 DESIGN WIND SPEED
2.4 DESIGN WIND PRESSURE AND DISTRIBUTED FORCES
2.4.1 Design wind pressures
2.4.2 Design frictional drag force per unit area
2.5 WIND ACTIONS
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Directions to be considered
2.5.3 Forces on surfaces or structural elements
2.5.4 Forces and moments on complete structures
2.5.5 Number of stress exceedences produced by wind loading
2.5.6 Performance of cladding elements sensitive to low-cycle fatigue
2.5.7 Deflections of dynamically wind-sensitive structures
2.5.8 Impact loading from windborne debris
SECTION 3 REGIONAL WIND SPEEDS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 REGIONAL WIND SPEEDS (VR)
3.3 WIND DIRECTION MULTIPLIER (Md)
3.3.1 Regions A and W
3.3.2 Regions B, C and D
3.4 FACTORS FOR REGIONS C AND D (FC, FD)
SECTION 4 SITE EXPOSURE MULTIPLIERS
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 TERRAIN/HEIGHT MULTIPLIER (Mz,cat)
4.2.1 Terrain category definitions
4.2.2 Determination of terrain/height multiplier (Mz,cat)
4.2.3 Averaging of terrain categories and terrain-height multipliers
4.3 SHIELDING MULTIPLIER (Ms)
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Buildings providing shielding
4.3.3 Shielding parameter (s)
4.4 TOPOGRAPHIC MULTIPLIER (Mt)
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Hill-shape multiplier (Mh)
4.4.3 Lee multiplier (Mlee)
SECTION 5 AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTOR
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 EVALUATION OF AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTOR
5.3 INTERNAL PRESSURE FOR ENCLOSED RECTANGULAR BUILDINGS
5.3.1 Internal pressure
5.3.2 Openings
5.3.3 Text deleted
5.3.4 Internal walls and ceilings
5.4 EXTERNAL PRESSURES FOR ENCLOSED RECTANGULAR BUILDINGS
5.4.1 External pressure coefficients (Cp,e)
5.4.2 Area reduction factor (Ka) for roofs and side walls
5.4.3 Action combination factor (Kc)
¿5.4.4 Local pressure factor (K¿) for cladding
5.4.5 Permeable cladding reduction factor (Kp) for roofs and side walls
5.5 FRICTIONAL DRAG FORCES FOR ENCLOSED BUILDINGS
SECTION 6 DYNAMIC RESPONSE FACTOR
6.1 EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE FACTOR
6.2 ALONG-WIND RESPONSE OF TALL BUILDINGS AND FREESTANDING TOWERS
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Dynamic response factor (Cdyn)
6.3 CROSSWIND RESPONSE
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Crosswind response of tall enclosed buildings and towers of rectangular cross-section
6.3.3 Crosswind response of chimneys, masts and poles of circular cross-section
6.4 COMBINATION OF ALONG-WIND AND CROSSWIND RESPONSE
APPENDIX A - DEFINITIONS
A1 Aerodynamic shape factor
A2 Annual probability of exceedence of the action
A3 Aspect ratio
A4 Awning
A5 Canopy
A6 Cladding
A7 Design wind speed
A8 Discharge coefficient
A9 Downdraft
A10 Drag
A11 Dynamic response factor
A12 Eccentricity
A13 Effective surface
A14 Elevated building
A15 Enclosed building
A16 Escarpment
A17 First mode shape
A18 First mode natural frequency
A19 Force coefficient
A20 Free roof
A21 Freestanding walls
A22 Frictional drag
A23 Gable roof
A24 Hill
A25 Hip roof
A26 Hoardings
A27 Immediate supports (cladding)
A28 Lag distance
A29 Lattice towers
A30 Lift
A31 Mansard roof
A32 Monoslope roof
A33 Obstructions
A34 Permeable
A35 Pitched roof
A36 Pressure
A37 Pressure coefficient
A38 Rectangular building
A39 Reynolds number
A40 Ridge (topographic feature)
A41 Roughness length
A42 Scruton number
A43 Shelter room
A44 Solidity (of cladding)
A45 Structural elements, major
A46 Structural elements, minor
A47 Terrain
A48 Topography
A49 Tornado
A50 Tributary area
A51 Tropical cyclone
A52 Troughed roof
A53 Turbulence intensity
APPENDIX B - NOTATION
APPENDIX C - ADDITIONAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR ENCLOSED BUILDINGS
C1 ADDITIONAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
C2 MULTI-SPAN BUILDINGS ( 60°)
C3 BUILDINGS WITH CURVED ROOFS
C4 MANSARD ROOFS
C5 CIRCULAR BINS, SILOS AND TANKS
C5.1 General
C5.2 Isolated circular bins, silos and tanks
APPENDIX D - FREESTANDING WALLS, HOARDINGS, CANOPIES AND SOLAR PANELS
D1 GENERAL
D1.1 Application
D1.2 Area reduction factor (Ka)
D1.3 Local net pressure factor (K)
D1.4 Net porosity factor (Kp)
D2 FREESTANDING HOARDINGS AND WALLS
D2.1 Aerodynamic shape factor for normal net pressure on freestanding hoardings and walls
D2.2 Aerodynamic shape factor for frictional drag
D3 FREE ROOFS AND CANOPIES
D3.1 Aerodynamic shape factor for net pressure on free roofs
D3.2 Aerodynamic shape factor for frictional drag and drag on exposed members for free roofs
D4 ATTACHED CANOPIES, AWNINGS AND CARPORTS (ROOFS)
D4.1 Aerodynamic shape factor for net pressure on attached canopies
D4.2 Aerodynamic shape factor for frictional drag and drag on exposed members of attached canopies
D5 CANTILEVERED ROOFS
D6 SOLAR PANELS
APPENDIX E - AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS FOR EXPOSED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, FRAMES AND LATTICE TOWERS
E1 GENERAL
E2 AERODYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND FRAMES
E2.1 Simple shapes and individual members
E2.2 Single open frame
E2.3 Multiple open frames
E3 DRAG FACTORS FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND SIMPLE SECTIONS
E3.1 Rounded cylindrical shapes, sharp-edged prisms and structural sections
E3.2 Rectangular prismatic sections
E4 LATTICE TOWERS
E4.1 General
E4.2 Drag force coefficient
APPENDIX F - FLAGS AND CIRCULAR SHAPES
F1 GENERAL
F2 FLAGS
F3 CIRCULAR SHAPES
APPENDIX G - ACCELERATIONS FOR WIND-SENSITIVE STRUCTURES
G1 ACCELERATION FOR SERVICEABILITY
G2 PEAK ALONG-WIND ACCELERATION FOR SERVICEABILITY
G3 CROSSWIND ACCELERATION FOR SERVICEABILITY OF TALL BUILDINGS AND TOWERS OF RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION
G3.1 General
G3.2 Peak crosswind acceleration for serviceability
AS/NZS 1170.2:2011
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.