ISO/IEC TR 24741:2018
Information technology — Biometrics — Overview and application
ISO/IEC TR 24741:2018 describes the history of biometrics and what biometrics does, the various biometric technologies in general use today (for example, fingerprint recognition and face recognition) and the architecture of the systems and the system processes that allow automated recognition using those technologies. It also provides information about the application of biometrics in various business domains such as border management, law enforcement and driver licensing, the societal and jurisdiction considerations that are typically taken into account in biometric systems, and the international standards that underpin their use.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Introduction and fundamental concepts
4.1 What are biometric technologies?
4.2 What biometric systems do
5 History
6 Overview of biometric technologies
6.1 Eye technologies
6.1.1 Iris recognition
6.1.2 Retina recognition
6.2 Face technologies
6.3 Finger and palm ridge technologies
6.3.1 Fingerprint imaging
6.3.2 Fingerprint comparison
6.3.3 Palm technologies
6.4 Hand geometry technologies
6.5 Dynamic signature technologies
6.6 Speaker recognition technologies
6.7 Vascular patterns
6.8 Keystroke dynamics
6.9 Scent/Odour
6.10 DNA
6.11 Cardiogram
6.12 Gait and full body recognition
7 Example applications
7.1 Physical access control
7.2 Logical access control
7.3 Time and attendance
7.4 Accountability
7.5 Electronic authorizations
7.6 Government/citizen services
7.7 Border protection
7.7.1 ePassports and machine-readable travel documents
7.7.2 Automated border crossing (ABC) systems
7.7.3 Visas
7.7.4 EURODAC
7.8 Law enforcement
7.9 Civil background checks
7.10 Clustering
8 General biometric system
8.1 Conceptual representation of general biometric system
8.2 Conceptual components of a general biometric system
8.2.1 Data capture subsystem
8.2.2 Transmission subsystem
8.2.3 Signal processing subsystem
8.2.4 Data storage subsystem
8.2.5 Comparison subsystem
8.2.6 Decision subsystem
8.2.7 Administration subsystem
8.2.8 Interface
8.3 Functions of general biometric system
8.3.1 Enrolment
8.3.2 Verification of a positive biometric claim
8.3.3 Identification
9 Performance testing
9.1 General
9.2 Types of technical tests
10 Biometric technical interfaces
10.1 BDBs and BIRs
10.2 Service architectures
10.3 Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework (CBEFF)
10.4 The BioAPI International Standard
10.5 The BIP International Standard
11 Biometrics and information security
11.1 General
11.2 Security of biometric data
11.3 Presentation attacks (Spoofing)
11.4 Integrity of the enrolment process
12 Biometrics and privacy
12.1 General
12.2 Proportional application of biometrics
12.3 Biometric technology acceptability
12.4 Confidentiality of biometric data
12.5 Integrity of biometric data
12.6 Irreversibility of biometric data
12.7 Unlinkability of biometric information
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Introduction and fundamental concepts
4.1 What are biometric technologies?
4.2 What biometric systems do
5 History
6 Overview of biometric technologies
6.1 Eye technologies
6.1.1 Iris recognition
6.1.2 Retina recognition
6.2 Face technologies
6.3 Finger and palm ridge technologies
6.3.1 Fingerprint imaging
6.3.2 Fingerprint comparison
6.3.3 Palm technologies
6.4 Hand geometry technologies
6.5 Dynamic signature technologies
6.6 Speaker recognition technologies
6.7 Vascular patterns
6.8 Keystroke dynamics
6.9 Scent/Odour
6.10 DNA
6.11 Cardiogram
6.12 Gait and full body recognition
7 Example applications
7.1 Physical access control
7.2 Logical access control
7.3 Time and attendance
7.4 Accountability
7.5 Electronic authorizations
7.6 Government/citizen services
7.7 Border protection
7.7.1 ePassports and machine-readable travel documents
7.7.2 Automated border crossing (ABC) systems
7.7.3 Visas
7.7.4 EURODAC
7.8 Law enforcement
7.9 Civil background checks
7.10 Clustering
8 General biometric system
8.1 Conceptual representation of general biometric system
8.2 Conceptual components of a general biometric system
8.2.1 Data capture subsystem
8.2.2 Transmission subsystem
8.2.3 Signal processing subsystem
8.2.4 Data storage subsystem
8.2.5 Comparison subsystem
8.2.6 Decision subsystem
8.2.7 Administration subsystem
8.2.8 Interface
8.3 Functions of general biometric system
8.3.1 Enrolment
8.3.2 Verification of a positive biometric claim
8.3.3 Identification
9 Performance testing
9.1 General
9.2 Types of technical tests
10 Biometric technical interfaces
10.1 BDBs and BIRs
10.2 Service architectures
10.3 Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework (CBEFF)
10.4 The BioAPI International Standard
10.5 The BIP International Standard
11 Biometrics and information security
11.1 General
11.2 Security of biometric data
11.3 Presentation attacks (Spoofing)
11.4 Integrity of the enrolment process
12 Biometrics and privacy
12.1 General
12.2 Proportional application of biometrics
12.3 Biometric technology acceptability
12.4 Confidentiality of biometric data
12.5 Integrity of biometric data
12.6 Irreversibility of biometric data
12.7 Unlinkability of biometric information
Bibliography