ISO 945-1:2019
Microstructure of cast irons — Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis
This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
4.1 Designation system for classifying graphite in cast irons
4.2 Form
4.3 Distribution
4.4 Size
4.5 Visual classification of graphite
5 Sampling and sample preparation
5.1 Samples taken from a casting
5.2 Sample preparation
6 Procedure for graphite classification
6.1 Procedure for visual classification of graphite
6.2 Evaluation of the analysis results
7 Reference images
7.1 General
7.2 Reference images for graphite form
7.3 Reference images for the distribution of graphite (form I)
7.4 Reference images for graphite size
8 Designation of graphite by form, distribution and size
8.1 Designation system
8.2 Designation of different graphite sizes within a casting
8.3 Designation of mixed graphite forms, distributions and sizes
8.4 Designation of unclassified graphite forms
8.5 Nodule count
9 Report
Annex A (informative) Typical graphite forms in cast-iron materials — Examples of photomicrographs
Annex B (informative) Distribution of flake (lamellar) graphite (form I) — Examples of photomicrographs
Annex C (informative) Common terminology and main occurrences concerning graphite in cast irons
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
4.1 Designation system for classifying graphite in cast irons
4.2 Form
4.3 Distribution
4.4 Size
4.5 Visual classification of graphite
5 Sampling and sample preparation
5.1 Samples taken from a casting
5.2 Sample preparation
6 Procedure for graphite classification
6.1 Procedure for visual classification of graphite
6.2 Evaluation of the analysis results
7 Reference images
7.1 General
7.2 Reference images for graphite form
7.3 Reference images for the distribution of graphite (form I)
7.4 Reference images for graphite size
8 Designation of graphite by form, distribution and size
8.1 Designation system
8.2 Designation of different graphite sizes within a casting
8.3 Designation of mixed graphite forms, distributions and sizes
8.4 Designation of unclassified graphite forms
8.5 Nodule count
9 Report
Annex A (informative) Typical graphite forms in cast-iron materials — Examples of photomicrographs
Annex B (informative) Distribution of flake (lamellar) graphite (form I) — Examples of photomicrographs
Annex C (informative) Common terminology and main occurrences concerning graphite in cast irons
Bibliography