ISO 5667-16:2017
Water quality — Sampling — Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
ISO 5667-16:2017 gives practical guidance on sampling, pre-treatment, performance and evaluation of environmental samples in the context of performing biological tests. Information is given on how to cope with the problems of biotesting arising from the sample and the suitability of the test design.
It is intended to convey practical experience concerning precautions to be taken by describing methods successfully proven to solve or to circumvent some of the experimental problems of biotesting of, for example, waters.
Primarily dealt with are substance-related problems concerning sampling and pre-treatment of environmental samples (e.g. waste water samples) for the performance of biotests.
This guidance is on ecotoxicological testing with organisms (single-species biotests; in vivo and in vitro). Some features addressed in this document also apply to biotests using single-cell systems (in vitro bioassays) and biodegradation studies as far as sampling and sample preparations are concerned. Testing of substances in the water solubility range is also addressed.
Reference has been made as far as possible to existing International Standards and guidelines. Information taken from published papers or oral communication has been utilized as well.
ISO 5667-16:2017 is applicable to biological tests for determining the effect of environmental samples like treated communal and industrial waste water, groundwater, fresh water, aqueous extracts (e.g. leachates, eluates), pore water of sediments and whole sediments. This document is also applicable to chemical substances.
ISO 5667-16:2017 is not applicable to bacteriological examination of water. Appropriate methods for bacteriological examination are described in other documents (see ISO 19458[17]).
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General guidance regarding test design
4.1 General
4.2 Replicates
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Lowest ineffective dilution (LID)
4.2.3 Hypothesis testing — two-sample comparisons
4.2.4 Concentration and dilution response relationship
5 Evaluation
5.1 General
5.2 Statistical analysis
6 Sampling and transportation
6.1 General
6.2 Sampling equipment
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Sample container
6.3 Filling status of sample containers
6.4 Sample identification and records
6.5 Sub-sampling
6.6 Transportation
6.7 Contamination during sampling
6.8 Sampling quality control techniques
7 Pre-treatment
7.1 General
7.2 Preservation and storage
7.3 Thawing
7.4 Homogenization
7.5 Separation of soluble and particulate matter
7.6 Preconcentration
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Extraction methods
7.7 pH adjustment
8 Apparatus and equipment
8.1 Selection of apparatus
8.2 Cleaning of apparatus and equipment
9 Impairment of test performance
9.1 Problems and preventive measures for samples containing removable ingredients
9.1.1 General
9.1.2 Volatilization
9.1.3 Foaming
9.1.4 Adsorption
9.1.5 Precipitation/flocculation
9.1.6 Degradation
9.2 Problems and preventive measures concerning coloured and/or turbid samples
10 Preparation of stock solutions and test batches
10.1 Water-soluble substances
10.2 Poorly soluble substances
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Testing in the water solubility range
10.2.3 Dispersions and emulsions
10.2.4 Special problems with mixtures of substances or technical products
10.2.5 Limit test
11 Quality assurance for biotesting
11.1 General
11.2 Quality assurance in the context of the investigation of environmental samples
12 Reporting
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General guidance regarding test design
4.1 General
4.2 Replicates
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Lowest ineffective dilution (LID)
4.2.3 Hypothesis testing — two-sample comparisons
4.2.4 Concentration and dilution response relationship
5 Evaluation
5.1 General
5.2 Statistical analysis
6 Sampling and transportation
6.1 General
6.2 Sampling equipment
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Sample container
6.3 Filling status of sample containers
6.4 Sample identification and records
6.5 Sub-sampling
6.6 Transportation
6.7 Contamination during sampling
6.8 Sampling quality control techniques
7 Pre-treatment
7.1 General
7.2 Preservation and storage
7.3 Thawing
7.4 Homogenization
7.5 Separation of soluble and particulate matter
7.6 Preconcentration
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Extraction methods
7.7 pH adjustment
8 Apparatus and equipment
8.1 Selection of apparatus
8.2 Cleaning of apparatus and equipment
9 Impairment of test performance
9.1 Problems and preventive measures for samples containing removable ingredients
9.1.1 General
9.1.2 Volatilization
9.1.3 Foaming
9.1.4 Adsorption
9.1.5 Precipitation/flocculation
9.1.6 Degradation
9.2 Problems and preventive measures concerning coloured and/or turbid samples
10 Preparation of stock solutions and test batches
10.1 Water-soluble substances
10.2 Poorly soluble substances
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Testing in the water solubility range
10.2.3 Dispersions and emulsions
10.2.4 Special problems with mixtures of substances or technical products
10.2.5 Limit test
11 Quality assurance for biotesting
11.1 General
11.2 Quality assurance in the context of the investigation of environmental samples
12 Reporting
Bibliography