ISO 1996-2:2017
Acoustics — Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise — Part 2: Determination of sound pressure levels
ISO 1996-2:2017 describes how sound pressure levels intended as a basis for assessing environmental noise limits or comparison of scenarios in spatial studies can be determined. Determination can be done by direct measurement and by extrapolation of measurement results by means of calculation. This document is primarily intended to be used outdoors but some guidance is given for indoor measurements as well. It is flexible and to a large extent, the user determines the measurement effort and, accordingly, the measurement uncertainty, which is determined and reported in each case. Thus, no limits for allowable maximum uncertainty are set up. Often, the measurement results are combined with calculations to correct for reference operating or propagation conditions different from those during the actual measurement. This document can be applied on all kinds of environmental noise sources, such as road and rail traffic noise, aircraft noise and industrial noise.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Measurement uncertainty
5 Instrumentation for acoustical measurements
5.1 General
5.2 Calibration
5.3 Verification
5.4 Long-term monitoring
6 Principles
6.1 General
6.2 Independent measurements
7 Operation of the source
7.1 General
7.2 Road traffic
7.2.1 Leq measurement
7.2.2 Lmax measurement
7.3 Rail traffic
7.3.1 Leq measurement
7.3.2 Lmax measurement
7.4 Air traffic
7.4.1 Leq measurement
7.4.2 Lmax measurement
7.5 Industrial plants
7.5.1 Leq measurement
7.5.2 Lmax measurement
8 Meteorological conditions
8.1 General
8.2 Favourable propagation
8.3 Effects of precipitation on measurements
9 Measurement procedures
9.1 Selection of measurement time interval
9.1.1 Long-term measurements
9.1.2 Short-term measurements
9.2 Microphone location
9.2.1 Outdoors
9.2.2 Indoors
9.3 Measurements
9.3.1 Long-term unattended measurements
9.3.2 Short-term attended measurements
9.3.3 Residual sound
9.3.4 Frequency range of measurements
9.3.5 Measurements of meteorological parameters
10 Evaluation of the measurement results
10.1 General
10.2 Determination of LE,T, Leq,T and LN,T
10.2.1 LE,T and Leq,T
10.2.2 LN,T
10.3 Treatment of incomplete or corrupted data
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Wind sound
10.4 Level correction for residual sound
10.5 Determination of standard uncertainty
10.6 Determination of Lden
10.6.1 Determination from long-term Leq measurements
10.6.2 Determination from long-term LE measurements of individual events
10.6.3 Determination from short-term measurements
10.7 Maximum level, Lmax
11 Extrapolation to other locations
11.1 General
11.2 Extrapolation by means of calculations
11.3 Extrapolation by means of measured attenuation functions
12 Calculation
12.1 General
12.2 Calculation methods
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Specific procedures
13 Information to be recorded and reported
Annex A (informative) Determination of radius of curvature
Annex B (informative) Microphone locations relative to reflecting surfaces
Annex C (informative) Selection of measurement/monitoring site
Annex D (informative) Correction to reference condition
Annex E (informative) Elimination of unwanted sound
Annex F (informative) Measurement uncertainty
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty calculations
Annex H (informative) Maximum sound pressure levels
Annex I (informative) Measurement of residual sound
Annex J (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise — Engineering method
Annex K (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise — Survey method
Annex L (informative) National and European source specific calculation models
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Measurement uncertainty
5 Instrumentation for acoustical measurements
5.1 General
5.2 Calibration
5.3 Verification
5.4 Long-term monitoring
6 Principles
6.1 General
6.2 Independent measurements
7 Operation of the source
7.1 General
7.2 Road traffic
7.2.1 Leq measurement
7.2.2 Lmax measurement
7.3 Rail traffic
7.3.1 Leq measurement
7.3.2 Lmax measurement
7.4 Air traffic
7.4.1 Leq measurement
7.4.2 Lmax measurement
7.5 Industrial plants
7.5.1 Leq measurement
7.5.2 Lmax measurement
8 Meteorological conditions
8.1 General
8.2 Favourable propagation
8.3 Effects of precipitation on measurements
9 Measurement procedures
9.1 Selection of measurement time interval
9.1.1 Long-term measurements
9.1.2 Short-term measurements
9.2 Microphone location
9.2.1 Outdoors
9.2.2 Indoors
9.3 Measurements
9.3.1 Long-term unattended measurements
9.3.2 Short-term attended measurements
9.3.3 Residual sound
9.3.4 Frequency range of measurements
9.3.5 Measurements of meteorological parameters
10 Evaluation of the measurement results
10.1 General
10.2 Determination of LE,T, Leq,T and LN,T
10.2.1 LE,T and Leq,T
10.2.2 LN,T
10.3 Treatment of incomplete or corrupted data
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Wind sound
10.4 Level correction for residual sound
10.5 Determination of standard uncertainty
10.6 Determination of Lden
10.6.1 Determination from long-term Leq measurements
10.6.2 Determination from long-term LE measurements of individual events
10.6.3 Determination from short-term measurements
10.7 Maximum level, Lmax
11 Extrapolation to other locations
11.1 General
11.2 Extrapolation by means of calculations
11.3 Extrapolation by means of measured attenuation functions
12 Calculation
12.1 General
12.2 Calculation methods
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Specific procedures
13 Information to be recorded and reported
Annex A (informative) Determination of radius of curvature
Annex B (informative) Microphone locations relative to reflecting surfaces
Annex C (informative) Selection of measurement/monitoring site
Annex D (informative) Correction to reference condition
Annex E (informative) Elimination of unwanted sound
Annex F (informative) Measurement uncertainty
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty calculations
Annex H (informative) Maximum sound pressure levels
Annex I (informative) Measurement of residual sound
Annex J (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise — Engineering method
Annex K (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise — Survey method
Annex L (informative) National and European source specific calculation models
Bibliography