ISO 17636-1:2013
Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing — Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
ISO 17636-1:2013 specifies techniques of radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials using industrial radiographic film techniques.
ISO 17636-1:2013 applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, "pipe" as used in this International Standard covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, and pressure vessels.
ISO 17636-1:2013 does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the radiographs.
If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly lower than when ISO 17636-1:2013 is strictly applied.
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1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Classification of radiographic techniques
6 General preparations and requirements
6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation
6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture
6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph
6.4 Identification of radiographs
6.5 Marking
6.6 Overlap of films
6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators
6.8 Evaluation of image quality
6.9 Minimum image quality values
6.10 Personnel qualification
7 Recommended techniques for making radiographs
7.1 Test arrangements
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Radiation source located in front of the object and with the film at the opposite side (see Figure 1)
7.1.3 Radiation source located outside the object and film inside (see Figures 2 to 4)
7.1.4 Radiation source centrally located inside the object and with the film outside (see Figures 5 to 7)
7.1.5 Radiation source located off-centre inside the object and film outside (see Figures 8 to 10)
7.1.6 Elliptic technique (see Figure 11)
7.1.7 Perpendicular technique (see Figure 12)
7.1.8 Radiation source located outside the object and film on the other side (see Figures 13 to 18)
7.1.9 Technique for different material thicknesses (see Figure 19)
7.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source
7.2.1 X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV
7.2.2 Other radiation sources
7.3 Film systems and metal screens
7.4 Alignment of beam
7.5 Reduction of scattered radiation
7.5.1 Metal filters and collimators
7.5.2 Interception of backscattered radiation
7.6 Source-to-object distance
7.7 Maximum area for a single exposure
7.8 Density of radiograph
7.9 Processing
7.10 Film viewing conditions
8 Test report
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1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Classification of radiographic techniques
6 General preparations and requirements
6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation
6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture
6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph
6.4 Identification of radiographs
6.5 Marking
6.6 Overlap of films
6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators
6.8 Evaluation of image quality
6.9 Minimum image quality values
6.10 Personnel qualification
7 Recommended techniques for making radiographs
7.1 Test arrangements
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Radiation source located in front of the object and with the film at the opposite side (see Figure 1)
7.1.3 Radiation source located outside the object and film inside (see Figures 2 to 4)
7.1.4 Radiation source centrally located inside the object and with the film outside (see Figures 5 to 7)
7.1.5 Radiation source located off-centre inside the object and film outside (see Figures 8 to 10)
7.1.6 Elliptic technique (see Figure 11)
7.1.7 Perpendicular technique (see Figure 12)
7.1.8 Radiation source located outside the object and film on the other side (see Figures 13 to 18)
7.1.9 Technique for different material thicknesses (see Figure 19)
7.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source
7.2.1 X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV
7.2.2 Other radiation sources
7.3 Film systems and metal screens
7.4 Alignment of beam
7.5 Reduction of scattered radiation
7.5.1 Metal filters and collimators
7.5.2 Interception of backscattered radiation
7.6 Source-to-object distance
7.7 Maximum area for a single exposure
7.8 Density of radiograph
7.9 Processing
7.10 Film viewing conditions
8 Test report