AS/NZS CISPR 16.1.4:2020 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements (CISPR 16-1-4:2019 (ED 4.0) MOD)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance
4.1 General
4.2 Physical parameter (measurand) for radiated disturbance measurements
4.3 Antennas for the frequency range 9€kHz to 150€kHz
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna
4.4 Antennas for the frequency range 150€kHz to 30€MHz
4.4.1 Electric field antenna
4.4.2 Magnetic field antenna
4.4.3 Balance and electric field discrimination of antennas
4.5 Antennas for the frequency range 30€MHz to 1 000€MHz
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance to the electric disturbance field strength limit
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics
4.5.4 Balance of antenna
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna
4.6 Antennas for the frequency range 1€GHz to 18€GHz
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Receive antenna
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – large-loop antenna system
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz
5.1 General
5.2 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site
5.3 Measurement distance and test volume
5.4 Set-up table and antenna positioner
5.5 Validation procedure of test site
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Normalized site insertion loss (NSIL)
5.5.3 Reference site method
5.5.4 Acceptance criterion
6 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range of 30€MHz to 1€000€MHz
6.1 General
6.2 OATS
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Weather-protection enclosure
6.2.3 Obstruction-free area
6.2.4 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site
6.2.5 Ground plane
6.3 Suitability of other test sites
6.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites
6.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR)
6.4 Test site validations
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Overview of test site validations
6.5 Basic parameters of the NSA method for OATS and SAC
6.5.1 General equation and table of theoretical NSA values
6.5.2 Antenna calibration
6.6 Reference site method for OATS and SAC
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Antennas not permitted for RSM measurements
6.6.3 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation on a REFTS
6.6.4 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation using an averaging technique on a large OATS
6.7 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method
6.7.1 Discrete frequency method
6.7.2 Swept frequency method
6.8 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC
6.9 Possible causes for exceeding site acceptability limits
6.10 Site validation for FARs
6.10.1 General
6.10.2 RSM for FAR sites
6.10.3 NSA method for FAR sites
6.10.4 Site validation criteria for FAR sites
6.11 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower
6.11.1 General
6.11.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences
7 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range 1€GHz to 18€GHz
7.1 General
7.2 Reference test site
7.3 Test site validation
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation
7.4 Antenna requirements for SVSWR standard test procedure
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Transmit antenna
7.4.3 Antennas and test equipment for the SVSWR reciprocal test procedure
7.5 Required positions for site validation testing
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Descriptions of SVSWR measurement positions in a horizontal plane (Figure€23)
7.5.3 Descriptions of SVSWR additional measurement positions (Figure 24)
7.5.4 Summary of SVSWR measurement positions
7.6 SVSWR site validation – standard test procedure
7.7 SVSWR site validation – reciprocal test procedure using an isotropic field probe
7.8 SVSWR conditional measurement position requirements
7.9 SVSWR site validation test report
7.10 Limitations of the SVSWR site validation method
7.11 Alternative test sites
8 Common mode absorption devices
8.1 General
8.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements
8.3 CMAD test jig
8.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration
8.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD
8.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and tracking generator
9 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement
10 TEM waveguides for radiated disturbance measurements
Annexes
Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas
A.1 General
A.2 Preferred antennas
A.2.1 General
A.2.2 Calculable antenna
A.2.3 Low-uncertainty antennas
A.3 Simple dipole antennas
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Tuned dipole
A.3.3 Shortened dipole
A.4 Broadband antenna parameters
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Antenna type
A.4.3 Specification of the antenna
A.4.4 Antenna calibration
A.4.5 Antenna user information
Annex B (XXX) (Void)
Annex C (normative) Large-loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz
C.1 General
C.2 Construction of an LLAS
C.3 Construction of a large-loop antenna (LLA)
C.4 Validation of an LLAS
C.5 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna
C.6 Conversion factors
C.6.1 General
C.6.2 Current conversion factors for an LLAS with non-standard diameter
C.6.3 Conversion of LLAS measured current to magnetic field strength
C.7 Examples
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 6)
D.1 General
D.2 Ground plane construction
D.2.1 Material
D.2.2 Roughness
D.3 Services to EUT
D.4 Weather-protection enclosure construction
D.4.1 Materials and fasteners
D.4.2 Internal arrangements
D.4.3 Size
D.4.4 Uniformity with time and weather
D.5 Turntable and set-up table
D.6 Receive antenna mast installation
Annex E (xxx) (Void)
Annex F (informative) Basis for ± 4 dB site acceptability criterion(see Clause 6)
F.1 General
F.2 Error analysis
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair (see 6.6)
G.1 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the averaging technique
G.2 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using a REFTS
G.3 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation
Annex H (informative) Definition of uncertainty in cross-polar response measurement
H.1 General
H.2 Example uncertainty estimate
H.3 Rationale for the estimates of input quantities in Table H.1 and Table H.3
H.4 Measurement of XPR below 100€MHz at an OATS
Annex I (informative) Measurement uncertainties of COMTS validation results in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
I.1 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using the NSIL method
I.2 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using the RSM method
Annex J (normative) Derivation of NSIL values in thefrequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
J.1 General
J.2 Magnetic field antenna factor
J.3 Site insertion loss
J.4 Normalized site insertion loss
J.5 NSIL tables
Annex K (informative) Recommendations for the design of test sites in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
K.1 General
K.2 Dimensions and quality of the ground plane
K.3 Obstruction free area
K.4 Resonance-free area
Annex L (informative) Accuracy of NSIL values in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz
L.1 General
L.2 Cross check of NEC with analytic formulas
L.3 Recommended NEC versions
L.4 Instabilities at the lower frequency end
L.5 Extrapolation methods to solve instabilities
L.6 Reducing the number of segments to solve instabilities
Annex M (informative) Example calculation for 10 m SACs that do not fulfil the ±4 dB criterion within 9 kHz to 30 MHz
Annex N (normative) Calibration of the sum of magnetic field antenna factors in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz
N.1 General
N.2 Calibration procedure
N.3 Measurement uncertainties
Bibliography
