AS/NZS 4600:1996
Cold-formed steel structures
Sets out minimum requirements for the design of structural members cold-formed to shape from carbon or low-alloy steel sheet, strip, plate or bar not more than 25 mm in thickness and used for load-carrying purposes in buildings and structures.
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AS/NZS 4600:1996 COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURES
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Action [Effect]
1.3.2 Action effect [Action] or load effect [action]
1.3.3 Arched compression element
1.3.4 Bend
1.3.5 Braced member
1.3.6 Can
1.3.7 Capacity [Strength reduction] factor
1.3.8 Clinching
1.3.9 Cold-formed steel structural members
1.3.10 Design action effect [Design action] or design load effect [design action]
1.3.11 Design action [Design force] or design load
1.3.12 Design capacity
1.3.13 Distortional buckling
1.3.14 Effective design width
1.3.15 Elements
1.3.16 Feed width
1.3.17 Flexural-torsional buckling
1.3.18 Length (of a compression member)
1.3.19 Limit state
1.3.20 Load
1.3.21 Local buckling
1.3.22 May
1.3.23 Multiple-stiffened element
1.3.24 Nominal action [Nominal effect] or nominal load
1.3.25 Nominal capacity
1.3.26 Point-symmetric section
1.3.27 Proof testing
1.3.28 Prototype testing
1.3.29 Pull-over (pull-through)
1.3.30 Pull-out
1.3.31 Segment (in a member subjected to bending)
1.3.32 Serviceability limit state
1.3.33 Shall
1.3.34 Should
1.3.35 Single-point fastener
1.3.36 Special study
1.3.37 Stability limit state
1.3.38 Stiffened or partially stiffened compression element
1.3.39 Stiffeners
1.3.40 Strength [Ultimate] limit state
1.3.41 Structural ductility factor
1.3.42 Structural performance factor
1.3.43 Structural response factor
1.3.44 Sub-element
1.3.45 Tensile strength
1.3.46 Thickness
1.3.47 Unformed steel
1.3.48 Unformed steel properties
1.3.49 Unstiffened compression element
1.3.50 Yield stress
1.4 NOTATION
1.5 MATERIALS
1.5.1 Structural steel
1.5.2 Design stresses
1.5.3 Fasteners and electrodes
1.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.6.1 Loads and load combinations
1.6.2 Structural analysis and design
1.6.3 Earthquake
1.6.4 Durability
1.7 NON-CONFORMING SHAPES AND CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 2 ELEMENTS
2.1 SECTION PROPERTIES
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Design procedures
2.1.3 Dimensional limits
2.2 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF STIFFENED ELEMENTS
2.2.1 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements
2.2.2 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements with circular holes
2.2.3 Stiffened elements with stress gradient
2.3 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS
2.3.1 Uniformly compressed unstiffened elements
2.3.2 Unstiffened elements and edge stiffeners with stress gradient
2.4 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNIFORMLY COMPRESSED ELEMENTS WITH AN EDGE STIFFENER OR ONE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER
2.4.1 Notation
2.4.2 Elements with an intermediate stiffener
2.4.3 Elements with an edge stiffener
2.5 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF EDGE-STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENERS, OR STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH MORE
2.6 ARCHED COMPRESSION ELEMENTS
2.7 STIFFENERS
2.7.1 Transverse stiffeners
2.7.2 Shear stiffeners
2.7.3 Nonconforming stiffeners
SECTION 3 MEMBERS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO TENSION
3.2.1 Tensile capacity
3.2.2 Distribution of forces
3.3 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING
3.3.1 Bending moment
3.3.2 Nominal section moment capacity
3.3.3 Nominal member moment capacity
3.3.4 Shear
3.3.5 Combined bending and shear
3.3.6 Bearing
3.3.7 Combined bending and bearing
3.4 CONCENTRICALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Sections not subject to torsional or flexural-torsional
3.4.3 Doubly- or singly-symmetric sections subject to torsional or flexural-torsional buckling
3.4.4 Point-symmetric sections
3.4.5 Non-symmetric sections
3.4.6 Singly-symmetric sections subject to distortional buckling
3.4.7 Columns with one flange through-fastened to sheeting
3.5 COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING
3.5.1 Combined axial compressive load and bending
3.5.2 Combined axial tensile load and bending
3.6 CYLINDRICAL TUBULAR MEMBERS
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Bending
3.6.3 Compression
3.6.4 Combined bending and compression
SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES
4.1 BUILT-UP SECTIONS
4.1.1 I-Sections composed of two channels
4.1.2 Cover plates, sheets or non-integral stiffeners in compression
4.2 MIXED SYSTEMS
4.3 LATERAL RESTRAINTS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Symmetrical beams and columns
4.3.3 Channel and Z-section beams
4.4 WALL STUDS AND WALL STUD ASSEMBLIES
SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 WELDED CONNECTIONS
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Butt welds
5.2.3 Fillet welds
5.2.4 Arc spot welds (puddle welds)
5.2.5 Arc seam welds
5.2.6 Flare welds
5.2.7 Resistance welds
5.3 BOLTED CONNECTIONS
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Tearout
5.3.3 Net section tension
5.3.4 Bearing
5.3.5 Bolts
5.4 SCREWED CONNECTIONS
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Screwed connections in shear
5.4.3 Screwed connections in tension
5.5 BLIND RIVETED CONNECTIONS
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Riveted connections in shear
5.6 RUPTURE
5.6.1 Shear rupture
5.6.2 Tension rupture
5.6.3 Block shear rupture
5.7 OTHER CONNECTIONS USING ANY TYPE OF FASTENERS
SECTION 6 TESTING
6.1 TESTING FOR DETERMINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
6.1.1 Testing of unformed steel
6.1.2 Compression testing
6.1.3 Testing of full sections
6.1.4 Testing of flat coupons of formed members
6.1.5 Testing for determining section properties
6.1.6 Testing of single-point fastener connections
6.2 TESTING FOR ASSESSMENT OR VERIFICATION
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Static tests for strength or serviceability
APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - FLEXURAL MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BENDING
B1 GENERAL
B2 LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY [STRENGTH]
B3 DEFLECTIONS
B4 LIMITATIONS
APPENDIX C - PROTECTION
C1 SCOPE
C2 PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION
C2.1 Members to be protected
C2.2 Protective coating
C2.3 Members made from uncoated steel
C2.4 Members made from coated steel
C3 PROTECTION DURING TRANSPORT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
C3.1 General
C3.2 Transport and handling
C3.3 Storage
C4 REPAIRS TO COATINGS
APPENDIX D - DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING STRESSES OF GENERAL CHANNELS, LIPPED CHANNELS AND Z-SECTIONS IN COMPRESSION AND BENDING
D1 GENERAL CHANNELS IN COMPRESSION
D2 SIMPLE LIPPED CHANNELS IN COMPRESSION
D3 SIMPLE LIPPED CHANNELS OR Z-SECTIONS IN BENDING ABOUT THE AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO THE WEB
APPENDIX E - SECTION PROPERTIES
E1 SHEAR CENTRE DISTANCE, TORSION CONSTANT AND WARPING CONSTANT
E2 MONOSYMMETRY SECTION CONSTANTS
APPENDIX F - UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH STRESS GRADIENT
APPENDIX G - STANDARD TESTS FOR SINGLE-POINT FASTENER CONNECTIONS
G1 SCOPE
G2 MATERIAL
G3 SHEAR TEST
G3.1 General
G3.2 Apparatus
G3.3 Test specimen
G3.4 Procedure
G4 CROSS-TENSION TEST
G4.1 General
G4.2 Apparatus
G4.3 Test specimen
G4.4 Procedure
G5 REPORT
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References
ISO metric precision hexagon bolts and screws
Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading
Steel structures Standard - Steel structures Standard
Steel structures Standard - Commentary to the Steel structures Standard
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AS/NZS 4600:1996 COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURES
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Action [Effect]
1.3.2 Action effect [Action] or load effect [action]
1.3.3 Arched compression element
1.3.4 Bend
1.3.5 Braced member
1.3.6 Can
1.3.7 Capacity [Strength reduction] factor
1.3.8 Clinching
1.3.9 Cold-formed steel structural members
1.3.10 Design action effect [Design action] or design load effect [design action]
1.3.11 Design action [Design force] or design load
1.3.12 Design capacity
1.3.13 Distortional buckling
1.3.14 Effective design width
1.3.15 Elements
1.3.16 Feed width
1.3.17 Flexural-torsional buckling
1.3.18 Length (of a compression member)
1.3.19 Limit state
1.3.20 Load
1.3.21 Local buckling
1.3.22 May
1.3.23 Multiple-stiffened element
1.3.24 Nominal action [Nominal effect] or nominal load
1.3.25 Nominal capacity
1.3.26 Point-symmetric section
1.3.27 Proof testing
1.3.28 Prototype testing
1.3.29 Pull-over (pull-through)
1.3.30 Pull-out
1.3.31 Segment (in a member subjected to bending)
1.3.32 Serviceability limit state
1.3.33 Shall
1.3.34 Should
1.3.35 Single-point fastener
1.3.36 Special study
1.3.37 Stability limit state
1.3.38 Stiffened or partially stiffened compression element
1.3.39 Stiffeners
1.3.40 Strength [Ultimate] limit state
1.3.41 Structural ductility factor
1.3.42 Structural performance factor
1.3.43 Structural response factor
1.3.44 Sub-element
1.3.45 Tensile strength
1.3.46 Thickness
1.3.47 Unformed steel
1.3.48 Unformed steel properties
1.3.49 Unstiffened compression element
1.3.50 Yield stress
1.4 NOTATION
1.5 MATERIALS
1.5.1 Structural steel
1.5.2 Design stresses
1.5.3 Fasteners and electrodes
1.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.6.1 Loads and load combinations
1.6.2 Structural analysis and design
1.6.3 Earthquake
1.6.4 Durability
1.7 NON-CONFORMING SHAPES AND CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 2 ELEMENTS
2.1 SECTION PROPERTIES
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Design procedures
2.1.3 Dimensional limits
2.2 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF STIFFENED ELEMENTS
2.2.1 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements
2.2.2 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements with circular holes
2.2.3 Stiffened elements with stress gradient
2.3 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS
2.3.1 Uniformly compressed unstiffened elements
2.3.2 Unstiffened elements and edge stiffeners with stress gradient
2.4 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNIFORMLY COMPRESSED ELEMENTS WITH AN EDGE STIFFENER OR ONE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER
2.4.1 Notation
2.4.2 Elements with an intermediate stiffener
2.4.3 Elements with an edge stiffener
2.5 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF EDGE-STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENERS, OR STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH MORE
2.6 ARCHED COMPRESSION ELEMENTS
2.7 STIFFENERS
2.7.1 Transverse stiffeners
2.7.2 Shear stiffeners
2.7.3 Nonconforming stiffeners
SECTION 3 MEMBERS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO TENSION
3.2.1 Tensile capacity
3.2.2 Distribution of forces
3.3 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING
3.3.1 Bending moment
3.3.2 Nominal section moment capacity
3.3.3 Nominal member moment capacity
3.3.4 Shear
3.3.5 Combined bending and shear
3.3.6 Bearing
3.3.7 Combined bending and bearing
3.4 CONCENTRICALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Sections not subject to torsional or flexural-torsional
3.4.3 Doubly- or singly-symmetric sections subject to torsional or flexural-torsional buckling
3.4.4 Point-symmetric sections
3.4.5 Non-symmetric sections
3.4.6 Singly-symmetric sections subject to distortional buckling
3.4.7 Columns with one flange through-fastened to sheeting
3.5 COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING
3.5.1 Combined axial compressive load and bending
3.5.2 Combined axial tensile load and bending
3.6 CYLINDRICAL TUBULAR MEMBERS
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Bending
3.6.3 Compression
3.6.4 Combined bending and compression
SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES
4.1 BUILT-UP SECTIONS
4.1.1 I-Sections composed of two channels
4.1.2 Cover plates, sheets or non-integral stiffeners in compression
4.2 MIXED SYSTEMS
4.3 LATERAL RESTRAINTS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Symmetrical beams and columns
4.3.3 Channel and Z-section beams
4.4 WALL STUDS AND WALL STUD ASSEMBLIES
SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 WELDED CONNECTIONS
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Butt welds
5.2.3 Fillet welds
5.2.4 Arc spot welds (puddle welds)
5.2.5 Arc seam welds
5.2.6 Flare welds
5.2.7 Resistance welds
5.3 BOLTED CONNECTIONS
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Tearout
5.3.3 Net section tension
5.3.4 Bearing
5.3.5 Bolts
5.4 SCREWED CONNECTIONS
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Screwed connections in shear
5.4.3 Screwed connections in tension
5.5 BLIND RIVETED CONNECTIONS
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Riveted connections in shear
5.6 RUPTURE
5.6.1 Shear rupture
5.6.2 Tension rupture
5.6.3 Block shear rupture
5.7 OTHER CONNECTIONS USING ANY TYPE OF FASTENERS
SECTION 6 TESTING
6.1 TESTING FOR DETERMINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
6.1.1 Testing of unformed steel
6.1.2 Compression testing
6.1.3 Testing of full sections
6.1.4 Testing of flat coupons of formed members
6.1.5 Testing for determining section properties
6.1.6 Testing of single-point fastener connections
6.2 TESTING FOR ASSESSMENT OR VERIFICATION
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Static tests for strength or serviceability
APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - FLEXURAL MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BENDING
B1 GENERAL
B2 LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY [STRENGTH]
B3 DEFLECTIONS
B4 LIMITATIONS
APPENDIX C - PROTECTION
C1 SCOPE
C2 PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION
C2.1 Members to be protected
C2.2 Protective coating
C2.3 Members made from uncoated steel
C2.4 Members made from coated steel
C3 PROTECTION DURING TRANSPORT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
C3.1 General
C3.2 Transport and handling
C3.3 Storage
C4 REPAIRS TO COATINGS
APPENDIX D - DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING STRESSES OF GENERAL CHANNELS, LIPPED CHANNELS AND Z-SECTIONS IN COMPRESSION AND BENDING
D1 GENERAL CHANNELS IN COMPRESSION
D2 SIMPLE LIPPED CHANNELS IN COMPRESSION
D3 SIMPLE LIPPED CHANNELS OR Z-SECTIONS IN BENDING ABOUT THE AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO THE WEB
APPENDIX E - SECTION PROPERTIES
E1 SHEAR CENTRE DISTANCE, TORSION CONSTANT AND WARPING CONSTANT
E2 MONOSYMMETRY SECTION CONSTANTS
APPENDIX F - UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH STRESS GRADIENT
APPENDIX G - STANDARD TESTS FOR SINGLE-POINT FASTENER CONNECTIONS
G1 SCOPE
G2 MATERIAL
G3 SHEAR TEST
G3.1 General
G3.2 Apparatus
G3.3 Test specimen
G3.4 Procedure
G4 CROSS-TENSION TEST
G4.1 General
G4.2 Apparatus
G4.3 Test specimen
G4.4 Procedure
G5 REPORT
AS/NZS 4600:1996
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.