AS/NZS 2500:2004
Guide to the safe use of electricity in patient care
Provides a guide to the safe use and application of electricity operated equipment used in health care. In addition to providing protection against electric shock to patients and staff, provision to safeguard against hazards such as thermal, radiant and mechanical, are also included. Measures required to provide and maintain patient and operator safety, including specification of the class of equipment and electrical installation to be employed for particular medical procedures, are also included.
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AS/NZS 2500:2004 Guide to the safe use of electricity in patient care
AS/NZS 2500:2004 GUIDE TO THE SAFE USE OF ELECTRICITY IN PATIENT CARE
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.2.1 Establishments
1.2.2 Personnel
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Applied part
1.4.2 Patient environment
1.4.3 Patient location
1.4.4 Patient area
SECTION 2 NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
2.1 NEED FOR CARE
2.2 SUPPLY SYSTEMS
2.3 FUNCTION OF FUSES AND CIRCUIT-BREAKERS
2.4 SOCKET-OUTLETS
2.5 BASIC EQUIPMENT SAFETY
2.5.1 Forms of construction
2.5.2 Classification of applied parts
2.6 LEAKAGE CURRENT
SECTION 3 NATURE OF HAZARDS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 ELECTRIC SHOCK
3.2.1 Causes of electric shock
3.2.2 Contributing factors
3.2.3 Levels of susceptibility to electric shock
3.3 THERMAL HAZARDS
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Electric burns
3.3.3 Thermal burns
3.3.4 Temperature of infused fluids
3.3.5 Fire and explosion
3.4 RADIANT ENERGY
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Ultrasonic energy
3.4.3 Laser radiation
3.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
3.6 ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS
3.7 LOSS OF ELECTRICAL POWER
SECTION 4 COMPATIBILITY OF MEDICAL PROCEDURE, EQUIPMENT AND PATIENT AREAS
4.1 SAFETY TRIANGLE
4.2 MEDICAL PROCEDURES
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Inadvertent contact with live conductors
4.2.3 Body-type procedure-applied parts not involving the heart
4.2.4 Cardiac-type procedure-applied parts involving the heart
4.3 ELECTRICAL WIRING AND PROTECTION OF patient areas
4.3.1 Protection levels
4.3.2 Components of protective wiring system
4.4 APPLIED PARTS OF MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4.4.1 Classification
4.4.2 Protection in fault conditions
4.4.3 Type B applied parts
4.5 FLOWCHART (SUMMARY) FOR THE SAFE APPLICATION AND USE OF MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4.6 USE OF SOCKET-OUTLETS IN CARDIAC-PROTECTED patient areas
4.7 TEMPORARY ARRANGEMENTS FOR UNDERTAKING CARDIAC TYPE PROCEDURES
4.8 HOME DIALYSIS
SECTION 5 ADMINISTRATION
5.1 RESPONSIBILITY
5.2 RECOGNITION AND LOCATION OF PATIENTS RENDERED ELECTRICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Design of patient areas
5.2.3 Design of equipment
5.3 TRAINING
5.4 DOCUMENTATION
5.5 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
5.5.1 Purchase of equipment
5.5.2 Demonstration equipment
5.5.3 Operator instructions
5.5.4 Life-supporting equipment
5.5.5 Mains power supply failure
5.5.6 Back-up equipment
5.6 MAINTENANCE OF MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND PATIENT AREAS
5.6.1 Equipment maintenance
5.6.2 Maintenance of electrical systems of patient areas
5.6.3 Maintenance of distribution equipment and switchboards
5.7 NON-MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Cleaning equipment
5.7.3 Entertainment equipment
5.7.4 Patient-comfort equipment
5.7.5 Cosmetic equipment
5.7.6 Patient-supplied equipment
5.7.7 Mobile communications
5.8 FAULT REPORTING
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Fault tags
5.8.3 Incident reports
5.8.4 Equipment reports
5.8.5 Modification of equipment
SECTION 6 GENERAL USER PRACTICES
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 RESPONSIBILITY
6.3 USER OBSERVATION AND CHECKS-BEFORE USE
6.4 PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED DURING USE
6.5 USER PRECAUTIONS/PRACTICES TO BE OBSERVED AFTER USE
6.6 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE USE OF HIGH-ENERGY APPARATUS
6.7 FLEXIBLE CORDS AND PLUGS
6.7.1 Inspections
6.7.2 Correct wiring
6.7.3 Faulty cords and plugs
6.8 DOUBLE ADAPTORS AND EXTENSION CORDS
6.9 MEDICAL SYSTEMS
6.10 APPLIED PART ADAPTORS AND ATTACHMENTS
6.11 PROTECTIVE DEVICES IN PATIENT AREAS
6.11.1 Introduction
6.11.2 RCD protected supply
6.11.3 Isolated supply
6.12 GUIDE TO THE USE AND REUSE OF STERILE DEVICES
APPENDIX A - SUPPLEMENTARY EARTHING CONDUCTORS
A1 INTRODUCTION
A2 CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE
A2.1 Insulation
A2.2 Termination
APPENDIX B - USE OF TEMPORARY TRANSVENOUS CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
B1 GENERAL
B2 EQUIPMENT
B3 PROCEDURE
B4 PATIENT SAFETY
B4.1 Exposure to risk
B4.2 Monitoring equipment
B4.3 Pacing catheter terminals
B4.4 Adaptors and extenders
B4.5 Battery replacement
B4.6 Use during defibrillation
B5 CESSATION OF TEMPORARY PACING
APPENDIX C - CONTACT INFORMATION FOR MEDICAL DEVICE INCIDENCE REPORTING
APPENDIX D - USE OF CARDIAC D.C. DEFIBRILLATORS
D1 GENERAL
D1.1 Fibrillation
D1.2 Types of defibrillators
D1.3 Efficacy
D1.4 Hazards
D1.5 Performance and maintenance
D2 MANUAL DEFIBRILLATORS
D2.1 Use
D2.2 Energy Settings
D2.3 Electrodes
D2.4 Application
D2.5 Discharge of the Pulse
D2.6 Particular Hazards
D2.7 Use of Other Medical Electrical Equipment on the Patient during Defibrillation
D2.8 Operation and Performance Checks
D3 AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS (AEDs)
D3.1 Use
D3.2 Energy Settings
D3.3 Electrodes and Application
D3.4 Discharge of the Pulse
D3.5 Hazards
D4 OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE CHECKS
APPENDIX E - GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF ELECTROSURGICAL EQUIPMENT
E1 INTRODUCTION
E1.1 General
E1.2 Electrosurgery
E1.3 Nature of risks
E1.4 Equipment
E2 ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEMS
E2.1 Electrosurgical generator
E2.2 Active electrode
E2.3 Bipolar electrodes
E2.4 Dispersive electrode
E2.5 Safety monitor circuit
E2.6 Specialized accessories
E3 NATURE AND AVOIDANCE OF HAZARDS
E3.1 Types of hazards
E3.2 High-frequency injury-Burns
E3.3 Monitoring the connection of the dispersive electrode
E3.4 Types of Applied Part safety monitors
E3.5 Other risks
APPENDIX F - GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF ELECTRICITY OPERATED PHYSICAL THERAPY EQUIPMENT
F1 INTRODUCTION
F2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
F3 DEVICES DELIVERING MECHANICAL FORCES
F4 DEVICES DELIVERING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
F4.1 General
F4.2 Precautions against cardiac stimulation
F4.3 Unwanted stimulation and burns
F5 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
F5.1 Low-frequency magnetic fields
F5.2 Shortwave therapy
F5.3 Microwave therapy
F5.4 Infra-red radiation
F5.5 Visible wavelengths
F5.6 Ultraviolet radiation
F6 ACOUSTIC ENERGY (ULTRASOUND)
F6.1 General
F6.2 Precautions
APPENDIX G - STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
G1 OUTLINE OF METHODS OF STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
G1.1 Sterilization
G1.2 Disinfection
G2 HAZARDS
G2.1 Nature of Hazards
G2.2 Adverse effects of sterilization
G3 GUIDE TO SELECTION OF STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION METHODS FOR EQUIPMENT
APPENDIX H - INDEX OF TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD
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References
Approval and test specification - Medical electrical equipment - Particular requirements for safety - Electrocardiographs
Guide to the safe use of lasers in health care
Related Information
Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010
Ministry: WorkSafe New Zealand: Energy Safety
Section: 25(a)
Citation context:Despite anything in these regulations, the following installations, fittings, and appliances are deemed to be electrically safe if they comply with the standards indicated and are used in accordance with those standards: (a) installations, fittings, and a
Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010
Ministry: WorkSafe New Zealand: Energy Safety
Section: Schedule 2
Citation context:AS/NZS 2500 (means) AS/NZS 2500:2004: Guide to the safe use of electricity in patient care
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AS/NZS 2500:2004 Guide to the safe use of electricity in patient care
AS/NZS 2500:2004 GUIDE TO THE SAFE USE OF ELECTRICITY IN PATIENT CARE
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.2.1 Establishments
1.2.2 Personnel
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Applied part
1.4.2 Patient environment
1.4.3 Patient location
1.4.4 Patient area
SECTION 2 NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
2.1 NEED FOR CARE
2.2 SUPPLY SYSTEMS
2.3 FUNCTION OF FUSES AND CIRCUIT-BREAKERS
2.4 SOCKET-OUTLETS
2.5 BASIC EQUIPMENT SAFETY
2.5.1 Forms of construction
2.5.2 Classification of applied parts
2.6 LEAKAGE CURRENT
SECTION 3 NATURE OF HAZARDS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 ELECTRIC SHOCK
3.2.1 Causes of electric shock
3.2.2 Contributing factors
3.2.3 Levels of susceptibility to electric shock
3.3 THERMAL HAZARDS
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Electric burns
3.3.3 Thermal burns
3.3.4 Temperature of infused fluids
3.3.5 Fire and explosion
3.4 RADIANT ENERGY
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Ultrasonic energy
3.4.3 Laser radiation
3.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
3.6 ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS
3.7 LOSS OF ELECTRICAL POWER
SECTION 4 COMPATIBILITY OF MEDICAL PROCEDURE, EQUIPMENT AND PATIENT AREAS
4.1 SAFETY TRIANGLE
4.2 MEDICAL PROCEDURES
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Inadvertent contact with live conductors
4.2.3 Body-type procedure-applied parts not involving the heart
4.2.4 Cardiac-type procedure-applied parts involving the heart
4.3 ELECTRICAL WIRING AND PROTECTION OF patient areas
4.3.1 Protection levels
4.3.2 Components of protective wiring system
4.4 APPLIED PARTS OF MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4.4.1 Classification
4.4.2 Protection in fault conditions
4.4.3 Type B applied parts
4.5 FLOWCHART (SUMMARY) FOR THE SAFE APPLICATION AND USE OF MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4.6 USE OF SOCKET-OUTLETS IN CARDIAC-PROTECTED patient areas
4.7 TEMPORARY ARRANGEMENTS FOR UNDERTAKING CARDIAC TYPE PROCEDURES
4.8 HOME DIALYSIS
SECTION 5 ADMINISTRATION
5.1 RESPONSIBILITY
5.2 RECOGNITION AND LOCATION OF PATIENTS RENDERED ELECTRICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Design of patient areas
5.2.3 Design of equipment
5.3 TRAINING
5.4 DOCUMENTATION
5.5 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
5.5.1 Purchase of equipment
5.5.2 Demonstration equipment
5.5.3 Operator instructions
5.5.4 Life-supporting equipment
5.5.5 Mains power supply failure
5.5.6 Back-up equipment
5.6 MAINTENANCE OF MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND PATIENT AREAS
5.6.1 Equipment maintenance
5.6.2 Maintenance of electrical systems of patient areas
5.6.3 Maintenance of distribution equipment and switchboards
5.7 NON-MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Cleaning equipment
5.7.3 Entertainment equipment
5.7.4 Patient-comfort equipment
5.7.5 Cosmetic equipment
5.7.6 Patient-supplied equipment
5.7.7 Mobile communications
5.8 FAULT REPORTING
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Fault tags
5.8.3 Incident reports
5.8.4 Equipment reports
5.8.5 Modification of equipment
SECTION 6 GENERAL USER PRACTICES
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 RESPONSIBILITY
6.3 USER OBSERVATION AND CHECKS-BEFORE USE
6.4 PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED DURING USE
6.5 USER PRECAUTIONS/PRACTICES TO BE OBSERVED AFTER USE
6.6 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE USE OF HIGH-ENERGY APPARATUS
6.7 FLEXIBLE CORDS AND PLUGS
6.7.1 Inspections
6.7.2 Correct wiring
6.7.3 Faulty cords and plugs
6.8 DOUBLE ADAPTORS AND EXTENSION CORDS
6.9 MEDICAL SYSTEMS
6.10 APPLIED PART ADAPTORS AND ATTACHMENTS
6.11 PROTECTIVE DEVICES IN PATIENT AREAS
6.11.1 Introduction
6.11.2 RCD protected supply
6.11.3 Isolated supply
6.12 GUIDE TO THE USE AND REUSE OF STERILE DEVICES
APPENDIX A - SUPPLEMENTARY EARTHING CONDUCTORS
A1 INTRODUCTION
A2 CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE
A2.1 Insulation
A2.2 Termination
APPENDIX B - USE OF TEMPORARY TRANSVENOUS CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
B1 GENERAL
B2 EQUIPMENT
B3 PROCEDURE
B4 PATIENT SAFETY
B4.1 Exposure to risk
B4.2 Monitoring equipment
B4.3 Pacing catheter terminals
B4.4 Adaptors and extenders
B4.5 Battery replacement
B4.6 Use during defibrillation
B5 CESSATION OF TEMPORARY PACING
APPENDIX C - CONTACT INFORMATION FOR MEDICAL DEVICE INCIDENCE REPORTING
APPENDIX D - USE OF CARDIAC D.C. DEFIBRILLATORS
D1 GENERAL
D1.1 Fibrillation
D1.2 Types of defibrillators
D1.3 Efficacy
D1.4 Hazards
D1.5 Performance and maintenance
D2 MANUAL DEFIBRILLATORS
D2.1 Use
D2.2 Energy Settings
D2.3 Electrodes
D2.4 Application
D2.5 Discharge of the Pulse
D2.6 Particular Hazards
D2.7 Use of Other Medical Electrical Equipment on the Patient during Defibrillation
D2.8 Operation and Performance Checks
D3 AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS (AEDs)
D3.1 Use
D3.2 Energy Settings
D3.3 Electrodes and Application
D3.4 Discharge of the Pulse
D3.5 Hazards
D4 OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE CHECKS
APPENDIX E - GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF ELECTROSURGICAL EQUIPMENT
E1 INTRODUCTION
E1.1 General
E1.2 Electrosurgery
E1.3 Nature of risks
E1.4 Equipment
E2 ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEMS
E2.1 Electrosurgical generator
E2.2 Active electrode
E2.3 Bipolar electrodes
E2.4 Dispersive electrode
E2.5 Safety monitor circuit
E2.6 Specialized accessories
E3 NATURE AND AVOIDANCE OF HAZARDS
E3.1 Types of hazards
E3.2 High-frequency injury-Burns
E3.3 Monitoring the connection of the dispersive electrode
E3.4 Types of Applied Part safety monitors
E3.5 Other risks
APPENDIX F - GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF ELECTRICITY OPERATED PHYSICAL THERAPY EQUIPMENT
F1 INTRODUCTION
F2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
F3 DEVICES DELIVERING MECHANICAL FORCES
F4 DEVICES DELIVERING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
F4.1 General
F4.2 Precautions against cardiac stimulation
F4.3 Unwanted stimulation and burns
F5 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
F5.1 Low-frequency magnetic fields
F5.2 Shortwave therapy
F5.3 Microwave therapy
F5.4 Infra-red radiation
F5.5 Visible wavelengths
F5.6 Ultraviolet radiation
F6 ACOUSTIC ENERGY (ULTRASOUND)
F6.1 General
F6.2 Precautions
APPENDIX G - STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
G1 OUTLINE OF METHODS OF STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
G1.1 Sterilization
G1.2 Disinfection
G2 HAZARDS
G2.1 Nature of Hazards
G2.2 Adverse effects of sterilization
G3 GUIDE TO SELECTION OF STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION METHODS FOR EQUIPMENT
APPENDIX H - INDEX OF TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD
Previous versions
AS/NZS 2500:2004
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.