PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXCLUSIONS
1.3 INNOVATION
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.5 DEFINITIONS
1.5.1 Fabricator
1.5.2 Inspecting authority
1.5.3 Inspector
1.5.4 May
1.5.5 Principal
1.5.6 Shall
1.5.7 Should
1.6 SYMBOLS
1.7 MANAGEMENT OF QUALITY
1.7.1 Quality management
1.7.2 Basic welding requirements
1.8 SAFETY
1.8.1 Safety equipment and procedures
1.8.2 Welding equipment
1.8.3 Other hazards
SECTION 2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
2.1 PARENT MATERIAL
2.2 BACKING MATERIAL
2.3 WELDING CONSUMABLES
2.3.1 Electrodes and filler wires
2.3.2 Care of electrodes and filler wires
2.3.3 Shielding gas
SECTION 3 DETAILS OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Permissible weld types
3.1.2 Design stresses
3.1.3 Drawings
3.2 BUTT WELDS
3.2.1 Size of weld
3.2.2 Design throat thickness (DTT)
3.2.3 Effective length
3.2.4 Effective area
3.2.5 Transition of thickness or width
3.3 FILLET WELDS
3.3.1 Size of weld
3.3.2 Design throat thickness (DTT)
3.3.3 Effective length
3.3.4 Effective area
3.3.5 Minimum size of fillet welds
3.3.6 Maximum size of fillet welds along edges
3.4 COMPOUND WELDS
3.4.1 Description
3.4.2 Design throat thickness (DTT)
3.5 SEAL WELDS
3.6 FLARE WELDS
3.7 ARC SPOT (PUDDLE) WELDS
3.8 ARC SEAM WELDS
3.9 ARC PLUG WELDS
SECTION 4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL
4.1 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Butt welds
4.1.3 Fillet welds
4.1.4 Flare welds
4.1.5 Qualification of multiple welding positions
4.2 METHODS FOR QUALIFYING A WELDING PROCEDURE
4.3 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
4.4 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
4.5 PREQUALIFIED JOINT PREPARATIONS
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Prequalified complete penetration butt welds
4.5.3 Prequalified flare welds
4.5.4 Prequalified fillet welds
4.5.5 Additional requirements for welds in hollow section members
4.5.6 Prequalified arc spot welds
4.5.7 Prequalified arc seam welds
4.5.8 Prequalified arc plug welds
4.6 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING CONSUMABLES
4.6.1 Prequalified welding consumables [see Appendix D, Item (f)]
4.6.2 Qualification of welding consumables by testing
4.7 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE BY TESTING
4.7.1 Method of qualification [see Appendix D, Items (h) and (i)]
4.7.2 Preparation of special test piece
4.7.3 Dimensions of test pieces
4.7.4 Bend tests
4.7.5 Torsion test
4.7.6 Hardness comparison test for parent metal and weld metal
4.7.7 Hardness test for weld-heat-affected zones [See Appendix D, Item (i)]
4.7.8 Transverse butt tensile test
4.7.9 Macro test
4.7.10 Retests
4.8 EXTENSION OF QUALIFICATION
4.9 COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
4.10 RECORDS OF TESTS
4.11 REQUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES
4.12 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PERSONNEL
4.12.1 Welding supervisor [see Appendix D, Item (l)]
4.12.2 Welders [see Appendix D, Item (m)]
SECTION 5 WORKMANSHIP
5.1 PREPARATION OF EDGES FOR WELDING
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Thermal cutting
5.2 ASSEMBLY
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Alignment of butt-welded joints
5.2.3 Alignment of fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds
5.2.4 Backing material
5.3 PREHEATING AND INTER-RUN CONTROL
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Need for preheating
5.3.3 Extent of preheating and cooling after welding
5.3.4 Determination of preheating temperature
5.4 WELDING UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
5.5 TACK WELDS
5.6 WELD DEPTH TO WIDTH RATIO
5.7 CONTROL OF DISTORTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Stressed parts
5.7.3 Peening
5.7.4 Correction of distortion
5.8 BACKGOUGING AND REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN WELDS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Removal of weld metal
5.8.3 Grinding
5.8.4 Stop/starts
5.9 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENTS
5.10 ARC STRIKES
5.11 CLEANING OF FINISHED WELDS
5.12 DRESSING OF BUTT WELDS
SECTION 6 QUALITY OF WELDS
6.1 METHODS OF INSPECTION AND PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF IMPERFECTIONS
6.1.1 Methods of inspection of completed welds
6.1.2 Permissible levels of imperfection
6.1.3 Adjacent imperfections
6.1.4 Interpretation of tests
6.2 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION [see Appendix D, Items (s) and (t)]
6.3 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION [see Appendix D, Items (s) and (t)]
6.4 WELD DEFECTS [see Appendix D, Items (s) and (u)]
6.5 REPORTING [see Appendix D, Item (v)]
SECTION 7 INSPECTION
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTORS
7.3 VISUAL INSPECTION OF WORK
7.4 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OTHER THAN VISUAL
APPENDIX A - NORMATIVE REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - BRITTLE FRACTURE
B1 GENERAL
B2 DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE
B2.1 General
B2.2 Basic design temperature
B2.3 Modifications to the basic design temperature
APPENDIX C - TYPICAL FORMS FOR WELDING PROCEDURES
APPENDIX D - MATTERS FOR RESOLUTION
APPENDIX E - WELDED JOINT AND PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
E1 NOTATION FOR JOINT IDENTIFICATION
E2 NOTATION FOR DIMENSIONS, POSITIONS AND BACKING MATERIAL
E3 NOTATION FOR PROCESSES
E4 EXAMPLE
APPENDIX F - MIG BRAZING
F1 GENERAL
F2 CONSUMABLES
F2.1 Shielding gas
F2.2 Brazing consumables
F3 JOINT PREPARATIONS
F4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES
F5 QUALITY OF WELDS
APPENDIX G - BEND AND TORSION TESTS FOR SHEET STEELS
G1 BEND TESTS FOR BUTT WELDS
G2 BEND TESTS FOR FILLET WELDS
G3 BEND TESTS FOR FLARE WELDS
G4 BEND TESTS FOR ARC SEAM WELDS
G5 TORSION TESTS FOR ARC SPOT AND ARC PLUG WELDS
APPENDIX H - WELD PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES TO THE WELDING CONSUMABLE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
H1 GENERAL
H2 SYSTEM CHANGES
H2.1 Strength
H2.2 Impact resistance
H2.3 Flux designations (MMAW)
H2.4 Weld metal hydrogen
H3 EXTENSION OF WELD PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
H4 OTHER PROCESSES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
