AS/NZS 5667.1:1998
Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on the design of sampling programs, sampling techniques and the preservation and handling of samples
Provides general principles to be applied in the design of sampling programs, general guidance on sampling techniques and guidance on the procedures to be taken to preserve and transport samples for the physical, chemical and radiological analysis of waters and wastewaters, including bottom sediment and sludges, for the purposes of process control, quality characterization, identification of sources of pollution, compliance with water quality guidelines or standards, and other specific reasons.
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AS/NZS 5667.1:1998 WATER QUALITY—SAMPLING - GUIDANCE ON THE DESIGN OF SAMPLING PROGRAMS, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND THE PRESERVATIO
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Analyte
1.3.2 Composite sample
1.3.3 Grab sample
1.3.4 Isokinetic sampling
1.3.5 Maximum recommended holding time
1.3.6 Sample
1.3.7 Sampling
1.3.8 Sampling equipment
1.3.9 Wet deposition
SECTION 2 OBJECTIVES
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 SETTING OF OBJECTIVES
2.3 DOCUMENTATION OF PROCEDURES
2.4 REVIEW OF OBJECTIVES
SECTION 3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 SAFETY AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
3.3 HAZARDOUS SAMPLES
3.4 HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES OR CONFINED SPACES
3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
3.6 SAMPLING SITES
3.7 WEATHER CONDITIONS
3.8 SAMPLING FROM BOATS
3.9 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
SECTION 4 FACTORS AFFECTING SAMPLING
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.1.1 Identifying the sampling location
4.1.2 Access
4.1.3 Equipment integrity
4.1.4 Character of flow
4.1.5 Changes in sample characteristics
4.1.6 Nature of the sample
4.1.7 Sampling methods
4.1.8 General sampling considerations
4.2 SPECIFIC SAMPLING SITUATIONS
4.2.1 Sampling from pipes
4.2.2 Lakes, natural and man-made
4.2.3 Drinking water
4.2.4 Rivers and streams
4.2.5 Boiler system waters
4.2.6 Wet deposition
4.2.7 Marine and estuarine waters
4.2.8 Sewage and sewage effluents
4.2.9 Storm run-off
4.2.10 Industrial effluents
4.2.11 Ground waters
4.2.12 Bottom sediments
4.2.13 Sewage sludges
4.2.14 Drinking water treatment sludges
4.2.15 Industrial water sludges
4.2.16 Swimming pools
4.2.17 Water from cooling systems
4.3 SAMPLING FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Sampling from taps
4.3.3 Other sampling situations
SECTION 5 QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 BLANKS
5.2.1 Sample contamination
5.2.2 Sampling blanks
5.2.3 Container blank
5.3 CONTROLS
5.3.1 Field spikes
5.3.2 Control sites
5.4 REPLICATE SAMPLES
SECTION 6 NUMBER AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 SYSTEM VARIABILITY
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Random and systematic variations of water quality
6.2.3 Abnormal variability
SECTION 7 SAMPLE CONTAINERS
7.1 CONTAINER SELECTION
7.2 TYPES OF SAMPLE CONTAINER
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Samples containing light-sensitive analytes
7.2.3 Trace organic contaminants
7.2.4 High temperature samples
7.2.5 Solid or semisolid samples
7.3 CONTAINER PREPARATION
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Containers for microbiological analysis
7.3.3 Detergent-washed plastic and glass
7.3.4 Solvent-washed glass
7.3.5 Acid-washed plastic and glass
SECTION 8 TYPES OF SAMPLE
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 GRAB SAMPLES
8.3 PERIODIC SAMPLES (DISCONTINUOUS)
8.3.1 Periodic samples taken at fixed time-intervals (time dependent)
8.3.2 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (volume dependent)
8.3.3 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (flow dependent)
8.4 CONTINUOUS SAMPLES
8.4.1 Continuous samples taken at fixed flow rates
8.4.2 Continuous samples taken at variable flow rates
8.5 SERIES SAMPLING
8.5.1 Depth profile samples
8.5.2 Area profile samples
8.6 COMPOSITE SAMPLES
8.7 LARGE VOLUME SAMPLES
SECTION 9 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
9.1 SAMPLINGLINES
9.2 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Equipment for grab sampling
9.2.3 Automatic sampling equipment
9.3 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR RADIOACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS
9.4 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR DISSOLVED GASES (AND VOLATILE MATERIALS)
9.5 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SECTION 10 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSPORT
10.1 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
10.2 REPORTS
10.3 TRANSPORT OF SAMPLES
10.4 RECEPTION OF SAMPLES IN THE LABORATORY
SECTION 11 SAMPLE PRESERVATION
11.1 GENERAL
11.2 REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Refrigeration
11.2.3 Freezing
11.3 USE OF PRESERVATIVES
11.4 REAGENTS
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Safety considerations
11.4.3 Solids
11.5 EXTRACTION
11.6 SAMPLING DETAILS FOR INDIVIDUAL DETERMINATIONS
11.7 FILTRATION OR CENTRIFUGING OF SAMPLES
APPENDIX A - TYPES OF SAMPLING PROGRAM
A1 PROCESS CONTROL PROGRAMS
A2 QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION PROGRAMS
A3 PROGRAMS FOR INVESTIGATION OF CAUSES OF POLLUTION
APPENDIX B - FLOW MEASUREMENTS
B1 GENERAL
B2 DIRECTION OF FLOW
B3 VELOCITY OF FLOW
B4 DISCHARGE RATE
B5 JUSTIFICATION FOR FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN WATER QUALITY CONTROL
B5.1 Treatment plant loads
B5.2 Dilution effects
B5.3 Mass flow calculations
B5.4 Transport of pollutants and rates of recovery
B5.5 Flow-related analytes
B5.6 Groundwaters
B6 METHODS AVAILABLE FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT
APPENDIX C - FURTHER READING
C1 GENERAL
C2 STATISTICS
C3 SAMPLING
C4 PRESERVATION
APPPENDIX D - DESIRABLE FEATURES OF AUTOMATIC SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
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References
Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of groundwaters
Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams
Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants
Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition
Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling from marine waters
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AS/NZS 5667.1:1998 WATER QUALITY—SAMPLING - GUIDANCE ON THE DESIGN OF SAMPLING PROGRAMS, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND THE PRESERVATIO
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Analyte
1.3.2 Composite sample
1.3.3 Grab sample
1.3.4 Isokinetic sampling
1.3.5 Maximum recommended holding time
1.3.6 Sample
1.3.7 Sampling
1.3.8 Sampling equipment
1.3.9 Wet deposition
SECTION 2 OBJECTIVES
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 SETTING OF OBJECTIVES
2.3 DOCUMENTATION OF PROCEDURES
2.4 REVIEW OF OBJECTIVES
SECTION 3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 SAFETY AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
3.3 HAZARDOUS SAMPLES
3.4 HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES OR CONFINED SPACES
3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
3.6 SAMPLING SITES
3.7 WEATHER CONDITIONS
3.8 SAMPLING FROM BOATS
3.9 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
SECTION 4 FACTORS AFFECTING SAMPLING
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.1.1 Identifying the sampling location
4.1.2 Access
4.1.3 Equipment integrity
4.1.4 Character of flow
4.1.5 Changes in sample characteristics
4.1.6 Nature of the sample
4.1.7 Sampling methods
4.1.8 General sampling considerations
4.2 SPECIFIC SAMPLING SITUATIONS
4.2.1 Sampling from pipes
4.2.2 Lakes, natural and man-made
4.2.3 Drinking water
4.2.4 Rivers and streams
4.2.5 Boiler system waters
4.2.6 Wet deposition
4.2.7 Marine and estuarine waters
4.2.8 Sewage and sewage effluents
4.2.9 Storm run-off
4.2.10 Industrial effluents
4.2.11 Ground waters
4.2.12 Bottom sediments
4.2.13 Sewage sludges
4.2.14 Drinking water treatment sludges
4.2.15 Industrial water sludges
4.2.16 Swimming pools
4.2.17 Water from cooling systems
4.3 SAMPLING FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Sampling from taps
4.3.3 Other sampling situations
SECTION 5 QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 BLANKS
5.2.1 Sample contamination
5.2.2 Sampling blanks
5.2.3 Container blank
5.3 CONTROLS
5.3.1 Field spikes
5.3.2 Control sites
5.4 REPLICATE SAMPLES
SECTION 6 NUMBER AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 SYSTEM VARIABILITY
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Random and systematic variations of water quality
6.2.3 Abnormal variability
SECTION 7 SAMPLE CONTAINERS
7.1 CONTAINER SELECTION
7.2 TYPES OF SAMPLE CONTAINER
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Samples containing light-sensitive analytes
7.2.3 Trace organic contaminants
7.2.4 High temperature samples
7.2.5 Solid or semisolid samples
7.3 CONTAINER PREPARATION
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Containers for microbiological analysis
7.3.3 Detergent-washed plastic and glass
7.3.4 Solvent-washed glass
7.3.5 Acid-washed plastic and glass
SECTION 8 TYPES OF SAMPLE
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 GRAB SAMPLES
8.3 PERIODIC SAMPLES (DISCONTINUOUS)
8.3.1 Periodic samples taken at fixed time-intervals (time dependent)
8.3.2 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (volume dependent)
8.3.3 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (flow dependent)
8.4 CONTINUOUS SAMPLES
8.4.1 Continuous samples taken at fixed flow rates
8.4.2 Continuous samples taken at variable flow rates
8.5 SERIES SAMPLING
8.5.1 Depth profile samples
8.5.2 Area profile samples
8.6 COMPOSITE SAMPLES
8.7 LARGE VOLUME SAMPLES
SECTION 9 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
9.1 SAMPLINGLINES
9.2 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Equipment for grab sampling
9.2.3 Automatic sampling equipment
9.3 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR RADIOACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS
9.4 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR DISSOLVED GASES (AND VOLATILE MATERIALS)
9.5 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SECTION 10 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSPORT
10.1 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
10.2 REPORTS
10.3 TRANSPORT OF SAMPLES
10.4 RECEPTION OF SAMPLES IN THE LABORATORY
SECTION 11 SAMPLE PRESERVATION
11.1 GENERAL
11.2 REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Refrigeration
11.2.3 Freezing
11.3 USE OF PRESERVATIVES
11.4 REAGENTS
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Safety considerations
11.4.3 Solids
11.5 EXTRACTION
11.6 SAMPLING DETAILS FOR INDIVIDUAL DETERMINATIONS
11.7 FILTRATION OR CENTRIFUGING OF SAMPLES
APPENDIX A - TYPES OF SAMPLING PROGRAM
A1 PROCESS CONTROL PROGRAMS
A2 QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION PROGRAMS
A3 PROGRAMS FOR INVESTIGATION OF CAUSES OF POLLUTION
APPENDIX B - FLOW MEASUREMENTS
B1 GENERAL
B2 DIRECTION OF FLOW
B3 VELOCITY OF FLOW
B4 DISCHARGE RATE
B5 JUSTIFICATION FOR FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN WATER QUALITY CONTROL
B5.1 Treatment plant loads
B5.2 Dilution effects
B5.3 Mass flow calculations
B5.4 Transport of pollutants and rates of recovery
B5.5 Flow-related analytes
B5.6 Groundwaters
B6 METHODS AVAILABLE FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT
APPENDIX C - FURTHER READING
C1 GENERAL
C2 STATISTICS
C3 SAMPLING
C4 PRESERVATION
APPPENDIX D - DESIRABLE FEATURES OF AUTOMATIC SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
AS/NZS 5667.1:1998
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.