AS/NZS 1547:2012
On-site domestic wastewater management
Provides the requirements for treatment units and their land application systems to achieve sustainable and effective on-site domestic wastewater management, and to protect public health and the environment. It sets out the performance objectives, requirements, and the criteria, together with the means of not only complying with these criteria but of continually improving the techniques employed by all stakeholders. It covers on-site systems including primary, secondary, and disinfection wastewater systems, originating from household or personal activities. Activities include water closets, urinals, kitchens, bathrooms (including showers, washbasins, baths, spa baths but not spa pools or hot tubs) and laundries. The systems covered in this Standard are normally designed for domestic wastewater flows up to 14 000 L/week, from a population equivalent of up to 10 persons.
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FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 GENERAL
1.1 Purpose of Standard
1.2 Scope
1.3 Application
1.4 Risk management framework
1.5 Structure of this Standard
1.6 Interpretation
1.7 Referenced documents
1.8 Legislation
1.9 Definitions
1.10 Abbreviations
1.11 Conversion of per cent grade, slope, and gradient
2 RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
2.1 Scope
2.2 Performance requirement
2.3 The risk management process
2.4 Implementing risk management
2.5 Review and evaluation
3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
3.1 The regulatory authority
3.2 Planners/surveyors/land developers
3.3 Site evaluators and soil assessors
3.4 Designers
3.5 Installation contractors
3.6 Equipment manufacturers and suppliers
3.7 Maintenance and desludging/pumpout contractors
3.8 Property owners
3.9 Estate agents and property transfer agents
4 PERFORMANCE STATEMENTS
4.1 Primary performance objectives
4.2 Secondary performance objectives
4.3 Primary performance requirements
5 DESIGN OF ON-SITE SYSTEMS
5.1 Scope
5.2 Site-and-soil evaluation
5.3 Design flow
5.4 Wastewater treatment units
5.5 Land application system design
6 CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION, OPERATION,AND MAINTENANCE
6.1 Scope
6.2 Construction and installation
6.3 Operation, maintenance, and monitoring
7 ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDANCE
7.1 Administration and management
7.2 Construction, installation, and operation
7.3 Advice and education
7.4 Reports
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS GUIDELINES
A1 SCOPE
A2 CONTEXT
A3 RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
A4 RISK MANAGEMENT EXAMPLES
APPENDIX B SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION PROCEDURES
B1 SCOPE
B2 DESKTOP STUDY
B3 SITE-AND-SOIL CHECK (SSC)
B4 SOIL ASSESSMENT
B5 DISPERSIVE SOILS
B6 SOIL PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT
APPENDIX C SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FOR PLANNING, REZONING,AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND
C1 SCOPE
C2 GENERAL
C3 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION
APPENDIX D SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FOR INDIVIDUAL LOTS
D1 SCOPE
D2 SITE ASSESSMENT
D3 SOIL ASSESSMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL LOTS
D4 RESERVE LAND APPLICATION AREA
D5 UNFAVOURABLE RESULTS
D6 SITE REPORT
APPENDIX E SITE-AND-SOIL PROPERTIES
E1 SCOPE
E2 ASSESSMENT OF SITE EXPOSURE
E3 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL COLOUR
E4 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL TEXTURE
E5 ASSESSMENT OF COARSE FRAGMENTS
E6 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL STRUCTURE
E7 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL DISPERSION
E8 ASSESSMENT OF AREAL POROSITY
APPENDIX F DISPERSIVE SOIL AND SODICITY
F1 SCOPE
F2 DISCUSSION
APPENDIX G SOIL PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT– CONSTANT HEAD TEST
G1 SCOPE
G2 PRINCIPLE
G3 APPARATUS
G4 TEST PROCEDURE
G5 TEST RESULTS
G6 TEST CALCULATION
G7 TEST RECORDS
APPENDIX H TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FLOW DESIGN ALLOWANCES
H1 SCOPE
H2 DESIGN FLOW AND PEAK OCCUPANCY
APPENDIX J RECOMMENDED CAPACITIES FOR SEPTIC TANKS
J1 SCOPE
J2 CONTEXT OF USE
J3 SEPTIC TANK CAPACITIES
J4 PUMPOUT FREQUENCY
APPENDIX KLAND APPLICATION SYSTEMS – GUIDANCE ON SELECTION
K1 SCOPE
K2 APPLICATION
K3 LIMITATIONS DUE TO SITE, SOIL, AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
K4 SELECTING THE LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM TO FIT THE SITEAND THE SOIL
APPENDIX L LAND APPLICATION METHODS – TRENCHES, BEDS, AND ETA/ETS SYSTEMS
L1 GENERAL
L2 SELECTION OF DLR VALUES
L3 PLANTS
L4 DESIGN AREA SIZING
L5 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
L6 EFFLUENT LOADING
L7 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
L8 INSTALLATION – PIPE LAYING
L9 INSPECTION
L10 PRE-COMMISSIONING TESTS
L11 COMMISSIONING
L12 MARKING
L13 REPORTING
APPENDIX M LAND APPLICATION METHODS – IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
M1 GENERAL
M2 EFFLUENT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
M3 DRIP IRRIGATION (SECONDARY EFFLUENT)
M4 SPRAY IRRIGATION (DISINFECTED SECONDARY EFFLUENT)
M5 LPED IRRIGATION (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFLUENT)
M6 IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN
M7 IRRIGATION AREA
M8 SPRAY IRRIGATION
M9 CONSTRUCTION
M10 INSTALLATION
M11 PRE-COMMISSIONING TESTS
M12 COMMISSIONING
M13 MARKING
M14 REPORTING
APPENDIX N LAND APPLICATION METHODS – MOUNDS
N1 GENERAL
N2 DESIGN
N3 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
N4 COMMISSIONING
N5 REPORTING
APPENDIX P DISINFECTION
P1 CHLORINATION
P2 ULTRAVIOLET
APPENDIX Q WATER BALANCE AND LAND APPLICATION SYSTEMS
Q1 SCOPE
Q2 GENERAL
Q3 LAND APPLICATION WATER-BALANCE
Q4 WATER-BALANCE AND PRIMARY TREATED EFFLUENT
Q5 WATER-BALANCE AND SECONDARY TREATED EFFLUENT
APPENDIX R RECOMMENDED SETBACK DISTANCES FOR LAND APPLICATIONSYSTEMS
R1 SCOPE
R2 APPLICATION
R3 REFERENCES/GUIDELINES USED IN THE DEVELOPMENTOF THESE SETBACK DISTANCES
APPENDIX S NUTRIENTS
S1 SCOPE
S2 SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
S3 HARMFUL EFFECTS
S4 NATURAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS
S5 GUIDELINES
S6 NUTRIENT DATABASES
S7 REMOVAL IN TREATMENT FACILITY
APPENDIX T OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES
T1 SCOPE
T2 PREPARATION
T3 CONTENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES
T4 ON-SITE SYSTEM INCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES
T5 TYPICAL CONTENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEGUIDELINES FOR HOUSEHOLDERS
APPENDIX U MONITORING RECORDS FOR ON-SITE SYSTEMS
U1 SCOPE
U2 PURPOSE OF THE RECORDS
U3 SOURCES OF DATA
U4 MONITORING FORMS
APPENDIX V COMPARISON OF SECTIONSBETWEEN AS/NZS 1547:2000 AND AS/NZS 1547:2012
TABLE
TABLE 1.1SLOPE CONVERSION TABLE
TABLE 3.1IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES AND PERSONS INVOLVED – ESSENTIAL STAGES
TABLE 5.1DETERMINATION OF SOIL CATEGORY
TABLE 5.2SOIL CATEGORIES AND RECOMMENDED DESIGN IRRIGATION/LOADING RATES (DIR/DLR) FOR LAND-APPLICATION SYSTEMS
TABLE A1 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
TABLE A2 EXAMPLES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
TABLE A3 EXAMPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
TABLE B1 SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES
TABLE B2 SOIL PROPERTIES
TABLE D1 SITE ASSESSMENT FACTORS – INDIVIDUAL LOT
TABLE E1 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL TEXTURES
TABLE E2 ABUNDANCE OF COARSE FRAGMENTS
TABLE E3 SIZE OF COARSE FRAGMENTS
TABLE E4 STRUCTURE
TABLE H1 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCES – AUSTRALIA
TABLE H2 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCESFOR EACH FIXTURE – AUSTRALIA
TABLE H3 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCES– DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FROM HOUSEHOLDS – NEW ZEALAND
TABLE H4 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCES– DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FROM COMMERCIAL PREMISES – NEW ZEALAND
TABLE J1 ALL-WASTE SEPTIC TANK OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES
TABLE J2 GREYWATER SEPTIC TANK OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES
TABLE J3 BLACKWATER SEPTIC TANK OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES
TABLE K1 LAND APPLICATION SYSTEMS – LIMITATIONS DUE TO SITE, SOIL, AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
TABLE K2 SELECTING THE LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM TO FIT THE SITE AND THE SOIL
TABLE L1 RECOMMENDED DESIGN LOADING RATES FOR TRENCHES AND BEDS
TABLE L2 TYPICAL DIMENSIONS OF CONVENTIONAL TRENCHES AND BEDS
TABLE M1 RECOMMENDED DESIGN IRRIGATION RATE (DIR) FOR IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
TABLE M2 RECOMMENDED REDUCTIONS IN DIR ACCORDING TO SLOPE
TABLE N1 RECOMMENDED MOUND DESIGN LOADING RATES
TABLE R1 GUIDELINES FOR HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SETBACK DISTANCES
TABLE R2 SITE CONSTRAINT SCALE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SETBACK DISTANCES
TABLE S1TYPICAL NUTRIENT CONTRIBUTIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS
FIGURE
FIGURE 1.1MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR ON-SITE SYSTEMS
FIGURE 6.1 EXAMPLE RECORD SHEET – SEPTIC TANK AND TRENCH SYSTEM
FIGURE 6.2 EXAMPLE RECORD SHEET – AWTS AND IRRIGATION SYSTEM
FIGURE 6.3 EMERGENCY FLOW CHART
FIGURE A1 THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
FIGURE B1 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FORM: EXCAVATION LOG – EXAMPLE
FIGURE C1 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION PROCESS FOR SUBDIVISIONS
FIGURE C2 SLOPE CONFIGURATION AND SURFACE DRAINAGE
FIGURE D1 SITE PLAN – INDIVIDUAL LOT – EXAMPLE
FIGURE D2 SITE INFORMATION SHEET – EXAMPLE
FIGURE D3 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FORM –INDIVIDUAL LOT – EXAMPLE
FIGURE E1 EXAMPLE OF PORE CHARTS WITH AN AREAL PERCENTAGE OF 1.5%
FIGURE G1 PERMEAMETER ASSEMBLY
FIGURE G2 ANTI-SCOURING DEVICE
FIGURE G3 SOIL PERMEABILITY FIELD RECORD SHEET – EXAMPLE
FIGURE L1 CONVENTIONAL PIPED TRENCH
FIGURE L2 SELF-SUPPORTING ARCH TRENCH
FIGURE L3 BOXED TRENCH
FIGURE L4 DISCHARGE CONTROL TRENCH
FIGURE L5 CONVENTIONAL BED
FIGURE L6 ETA/ETS BED DETAILS
FIGURE L7 ETA/ETS TRENCHES
FIGURE M1 DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM – EXAMPLE LAYOUT OF COMPONENTS
FIGURE M2 SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM – EXAMPLE LAYOUT OF COMPONENTS
FIGURE M3 SHALLOW SUBSURFACE LPED IRRIGATION – EXAMPLE SYSTEM
FIGURE N1 WISCONSIN MOUND SYSTEM
FIGURE Q1 THE NATURAL WATER BALANCE OF LAND
FIGURE R1 EXAMPLE OF DESIGN AND COMPLIANCE BOUNDARIES FOR APPLICATIONOF SETBACK DISTANCES FOR A SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEM
FIGURE R2 EXAMPLE OF WASTEWATER PATHWAYS AND SITE CONSTRAINTS FORAPPLICATION OF SETBACK DISTANCES FOR A SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEM
FIGURE T1 THE SEPTIC TANK AND LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM
FIGURE T2 TRADITIONAL SEPTIC TANK
FIGURE U1 MONITORING FORM – SITE INFORMATION
FIGURE U2 MONITORING FORM – ON-SITE ASSESSMENT
FIGURE U3 MONITORING FORM – SOIL INVESTIGATION
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Related Information
Building Code Compliance Document G13
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Section: VM4
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FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 GENERAL
1.1 Purpose of Standard
1.2 Scope
1.3 Application
1.4 Risk management framework
1.5 Structure of this Standard
1.6 Interpretation
1.7 Referenced documents
1.8 Legislation
1.9 Definitions
1.10 Abbreviations
1.11 Conversion of per cent grade, slope, and gradient
2 RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
2.1 Scope
2.2 Performance requirement
2.3 The risk management process
2.4 Implementing risk management
2.5 Review and evaluation
3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
3.1 The regulatory authority
3.2 Planners/surveyors/land developers
3.3 Site evaluators and soil assessors
3.4 Designers
3.5 Installation contractors
3.6 Equipment manufacturers and suppliers
3.7 Maintenance and desludging/pumpout contractors
3.8 Property owners
3.9 Estate agents and property transfer agents
4 PERFORMANCE STATEMENTS
4.1 Primary performance objectives
4.2 Secondary performance objectives
4.3 Primary performance requirements
5 DESIGN OF ON-SITE SYSTEMS
5.1 Scope
5.2 Site-and-soil evaluation
5.3 Design flow
5.4 Wastewater treatment units
5.5 Land application system design
6 CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION, OPERATION,AND MAINTENANCE
6.1 Scope
6.2 Construction and installation
6.3 Operation, maintenance, and monitoring
7 ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDANCE
7.1 Administration and management
7.2 Construction, installation, and operation
7.3 Advice and education
7.4 Reports
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS GUIDELINES
A1 SCOPE
A2 CONTEXT
A3 RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
A4 RISK MANAGEMENT EXAMPLES
APPENDIX B SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION PROCEDURES
B1 SCOPE
B2 DESKTOP STUDY
B3 SITE-AND-SOIL CHECK (SSC)
B4 SOIL ASSESSMENT
B5 DISPERSIVE SOILS
B6 SOIL PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT
APPENDIX C SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FOR PLANNING, REZONING,AND SUBDIVISION OF LAND
C1 SCOPE
C2 GENERAL
C3 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION
APPENDIX D SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FOR INDIVIDUAL LOTS
D1 SCOPE
D2 SITE ASSESSMENT
D3 SOIL ASSESSMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL LOTS
D4 RESERVE LAND APPLICATION AREA
D5 UNFAVOURABLE RESULTS
D6 SITE REPORT
APPENDIX E SITE-AND-SOIL PROPERTIES
E1 SCOPE
E2 ASSESSMENT OF SITE EXPOSURE
E3 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL COLOUR
E4 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL TEXTURE
E5 ASSESSMENT OF COARSE FRAGMENTS
E6 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL STRUCTURE
E7 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL DISPERSION
E8 ASSESSMENT OF AREAL POROSITY
APPENDIX F DISPERSIVE SOIL AND SODICITY
F1 SCOPE
F2 DISCUSSION
APPENDIX G SOIL PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT– CONSTANT HEAD TEST
G1 SCOPE
G2 PRINCIPLE
G3 APPARATUS
G4 TEST PROCEDURE
G5 TEST RESULTS
G6 TEST CALCULATION
G7 TEST RECORDS
APPENDIX H TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FLOW DESIGN ALLOWANCES
H1 SCOPE
H2 DESIGN FLOW AND PEAK OCCUPANCY
APPENDIX J RECOMMENDED CAPACITIES FOR SEPTIC TANKS
J1 SCOPE
J2 CONTEXT OF USE
J3 SEPTIC TANK CAPACITIES
J4 PUMPOUT FREQUENCY
APPENDIX KLAND APPLICATION SYSTEMS – GUIDANCE ON SELECTION
K1 SCOPE
K2 APPLICATION
K3 LIMITATIONS DUE TO SITE, SOIL, AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
K4 SELECTING THE LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM TO FIT THE SITEAND THE SOIL
APPENDIX L LAND APPLICATION METHODS – TRENCHES, BEDS, AND ETA/ETS SYSTEMS
L1 GENERAL
L2 SELECTION OF DLR VALUES
L3 PLANTS
L4 DESIGN AREA SIZING
L5 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
L6 EFFLUENT LOADING
L7 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
L8 INSTALLATION – PIPE LAYING
L9 INSPECTION
L10 PRE-COMMISSIONING TESTS
L11 COMMISSIONING
L12 MARKING
L13 REPORTING
APPENDIX M LAND APPLICATION METHODS – IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
M1 GENERAL
M2 EFFLUENT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
M3 DRIP IRRIGATION (SECONDARY EFFLUENT)
M4 SPRAY IRRIGATION (DISINFECTED SECONDARY EFFLUENT)
M5 LPED IRRIGATION (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFLUENT)
M6 IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN
M7 IRRIGATION AREA
M8 SPRAY IRRIGATION
M9 CONSTRUCTION
M10 INSTALLATION
M11 PRE-COMMISSIONING TESTS
M12 COMMISSIONING
M13 MARKING
M14 REPORTING
APPENDIX N LAND APPLICATION METHODS – MOUNDS
N1 GENERAL
N2 DESIGN
N3 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
N4 COMMISSIONING
N5 REPORTING
APPENDIX P DISINFECTION
P1 CHLORINATION
P2 ULTRAVIOLET
APPENDIX Q WATER BALANCE AND LAND APPLICATION SYSTEMS
Q1 SCOPE
Q2 GENERAL
Q3 LAND APPLICATION WATER-BALANCE
Q4 WATER-BALANCE AND PRIMARY TREATED EFFLUENT
Q5 WATER-BALANCE AND SECONDARY TREATED EFFLUENT
APPENDIX R RECOMMENDED SETBACK DISTANCES FOR LAND APPLICATIONSYSTEMS
R1 SCOPE
R2 APPLICATION
R3 REFERENCES/GUIDELINES USED IN THE DEVELOPMENTOF THESE SETBACK DISTANCES
APPENDIX S NUTRIENTS
S1 SCOPE
S2 SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
S3 HARMFUL EFFECTS
S4 NATURAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS
S5 GUIDELINES
S6 NUTRIENT DATABASES
S7 REMOVAL IN TREATMENT FACILITY
APPENDIX T OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES
T1 SCOPE
T2 PREPARATION
T3 CONTENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES
T4 ON-SITE SYSTEM INCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES
T5 TYPICAL CONTENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEGUIDELINES FOR HOUSEHOLDERS
APPENDIX U MONITORING RECORDS FOR ON-SITE SYSTEMS
U1 SCOPE
U2 PURPOSE OF THE RECORDS
U3 SOURCES OF DATA
U4 MONITORING FORMS
APPENDIX V COMPARISON OF SECTIONSBETWEEN AS/NZS 1547:2000 AND AS/NZS 1547:2012
TABLE
TABLE 1.1SLOPE CONVERSION TABLE
TABLE 3.1IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES AND PERSONS INVOLVED – ESSENTIAL STAGES
TABLE 5.1DETERMINATION OF SOIL CATEGORY
TABLE 5.2SOIL CATEGORIES AND RECOMMENDED DESIGN IRRIGATION/LOADING RATES (DIR/DLR) FOR LAND-APPLICATION SYSTEMS
TABLE A1 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
TABLE A2 EXAMPLES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
TABLE A3 EXAMPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
TABLE B1 SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES
TABLE B2 SOIL PROPERTIES
TABLE D1 SITE ASSESSMENT FACTORS – INDIVIDUAL LOT
TABLE E1 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL TEXTURES
TABLE E2 ABUNDANCE OF COARSE FRAGMENTS
TABLE E3 SIZE OF COARSE FRAGMENTS
TABLE E4 STRUCTURE
TABLE H1 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCES – AUSTRALIA
TABLE H2 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCESFOR EACH FIXTURE – AUSTRALIA
TABLE H3 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCES– DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FROM HOUSEHOLDS – NEW ZEALAND
TABLE H4 TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DESIGN FLOW ALLOWANCES– DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FROM COMMERCIAL PREMISES – NEW ZEALAND
TABLE J1 ALL-WASTE SEPTIC TANK OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES
TABLE J2 GREYWATER SEPTIC TANK OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES
TABLE J3 BLACKWATER SEPTIC TANK OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES
TABLE K1 LAND APPLICATION SYSTEMS – LIMITATIONS DUE TO SITE, SOIL, AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
TABLE K2 SELECTING THE LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM TO FIT THE SITE AND THE SOIL
TABLE L1 RECOMMENDED DESIGN LOADING RATES FOR TRENCHES AND BEDS
TABLE L2 TYPICAL DIMENSIONS OF CONVENTIONAL TRENCHES AND BEDS
TABLE M1 RECOMMENDED DESIGN IRRIGATION RATE (DIR) FOR IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
TABLE M2 RECOMMENDED REDUCTIONS IN DIR ACCORDING TO SLOPE
TABLE N1 RECOMMENDED MOUND DESIGN LOADING RATES
TABLE R1 GUIDELINES FOR HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SETBACK DISTANCES
TABLE R2 SITE CONSTRAINT SCALE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SETBACK DISTANCES
TABLE S1TYPICAL NUTRIENT CONTRIBUTIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS
FIGURE
FIGURE 1.1MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR ON-SITE SYSTEMS
FIGURE 6.1 EXAMPLE RECORD SHEET – SEPTIC TANK AND TRENCH SYSTEM
FIGURE 6.2 EXAMPLE RECORD SHEET – AWTS AND IRRIGATION SYSTEM
FIGURE 6.3 EMERGENCY FLOW CHART
FIGURE A1 THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
FIGURE B1 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FORM: EXCAVATION LOG – EXAMPLE
FIGURE C1 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION PROCESS FOR SUBDIVISIONS
FIGURE C2 SLOPE CONFIGURATION AND SURFACE DRAINAGE
FIGURE D1 SITE PLAN – INDIVIDUAL LOT – EXAMPLE
FIGURE D2 SITE INFORMATION SHEET – EXAMPLE
FIGURE D3 SITE-AND-SOIL EVALUATION FORM –INDIVIDUAL LOT – EXAMPLE
FIGURE E1 EXAMPLE OF PORE CHARTS WITH AN AREAL PERCENTAGE OF 1.5%
FIGURE G1 PERMEAMETER ASSEMBLY
FIGURE G2 ANTI-SCOURING DEVICE
FIGURE G3 SOIL PERMEABILITY FIELD RECORD SHEET – EXAMPLE
FIGURE L1 CONVENTIONAL PIPED TRENCH
FIGURE L2 SELF-SUPPORTING ARCH TRENCH
FIGURE L3 BOXED TRENCH
FIGURE L4 DISCHARGE CONTROL TRENCH
FIGURE L5 CONVENTIONAL BED
FIGURE L6 ETA/ETS BED DETAILS
FIGURE L7 ETA/ETS TRENCHES
FIGURE M1 DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM – EXAMPLE LAYOUT OF COMPONENTS
FIGURE M2 SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM – EXAMPLE LAYOUT OF COMPONENTS
FIGURE M3 SHALLOW SUBSURFACE LPED IRRIGATION – EXAMPLE SYSTEM
FIGURE N1 WISCONSIN MOUND SYSTEM
FIGURE Q1 THE NATURAL WATER BALANCE OF LAND
FIGURE R1 EXAMPLE OF DESIGN AND COMPLIANCE BOUNDARIES FOR APPLICATIONOF SETBACK DISTANCES FOR A SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEM
FIGURE R2 EXAMPLE OF WASTEWATER PATHWAYS AND SITE CONSTRAINTS FORAPPLICATION OF SETBACK DISTANCES FOR A SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEM
FIGURE T1 THE SEPTIC TANK AND LAND APPLICATION SYSTEM
FIGURE T2 TRADITIONAL SEPTIC TANK
FIGURE U1 MONITORING FORM – SITE INFORMATION
FIGURE U2 MONITORING FORM – ON-SITE ASSESSMENT
FIGURE U3 MONITORING FORM – SOIL INVESTIGATION
Previous versions
AS/NZS 1547:2012
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